Natural History for Little Folks 

YeaNG FOLKS' 

Pictures and Stories of flnirnals 

iJor Jfotne ar^) JBcfcoof 



BY MRS. SANBORN TENNEY 




QUADRUPEDS 

WITH EIGHTY-SEVEN WOOD ENGRAVINGS 



BOSTON 
LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 



Shelf >1T.3 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 




T^f^' 8 Dog - The F T h x e Gre >"- " ' " "- "te*-» »* 

The "afflw The *** — ?3r D 

rpu- d«;^+«- mi x. , The Coach Dog. 

„ m . T he Pointer The Newfoundland Do*. The Mastiff 

The Terrier. The King Charles Spaniel. = MastiH. 



YOUNG FOLKS' 
PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS 

FOR HOME AND SCHOOL 



by ^ 

MRS. SANBOEN TENNEY 

QUADRUPEDS N 

WITH EIGHTY-SEVEK WOOD ENGRAVINGS 







L OCT 11 it / 
!0 S TON VV„5*? *~?6 M" 



B( 

LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS 

NEW YORK 

CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM 

1887 



V 



YOUNG FOLKS' 
PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS 

FOR HOME AND SCHOOL 
By Mrs. Sanborn Tenney 

In Six Volumes. Containing 500 Wood Engravings 
Each Volume complete in itself 

QUADRUPEDS 
BIRDS 

FISHES AND REPTILES 

BEES, BUTTERFLIES, AND OTHER INSECTS 
SEA SHELLS AND RIVER SHELLS 
SEA-URCHINS, STAR-FISHES, AND CORALS 



Copyright, 1868, 1886, 
By Abby A. Tenney. 



Quadrupeds, 



V* 




PREFACE 



Believing that there is nothing in which chil- 
dren are naturally more interested than they are in 
animals, and that there are no other objects which 
can be used to greater advantage than these in their 
instruction, the writer has prepared these Pictures 
and Stories of Animals for the Little Ones, to in- 
struct as well as to interest and amuse them. 

There are six books in the series, each one com- 
plete in itself; and they are so arranged that to- 
gether they make a Juvenile Library of the Natural 
History of Animals. 

The first book contains pictures and stories of 
Mammals or Quadrupeds ; the second book, pictures 
and stories of Birds ; the third, of Reptiles and 
Fishes; the fourth, of Bees, Butterflies, and other 



VI PREFACE. 

Insects, and of Crustaceans and Worms ; the fifth, 
of Shells, and the animals which live in them ; and 
the sixth, of Sea-Cucumbers, Sea-Urchins, Star- 
Fishes, Jelly-Fishes, Sea-Anemones, and Corals. 

The wood engravings in the six books are more 
than five hundred in number, and are true to na- 
ture. Several of them were drawn and engraved 
expressly for this series ; the others are mainly 
from Tenney's " Manual of Zoology," " Natural 
History of Animals," and other works of Tenney's 
Natural History Series. 

August, 1868. 





CONTENTS. 



First Ideas about Mammals 

The Four-handed Animals. 

The Gorilla — Chimpanzee — Orang-Outang — Kahau — Spi- 
der Monkey — Marmoset — Lemur — Aye-Aye . 



Page 
9-18 



19-24 



The Flesh-eaters, or Beasts of Prey. 

The Lion — Tigers — Jaguar — Leopard — Panther — Puma 

— Canada Lynx — Wild Cat — Wolf — Dogs — Foxes — Civet 

— Weasel — Sable — Mink — Wolverine — Otter — Skunk 

— Badger — Bears — Raccoon — Seals — Walrus . . 25-73 

The Plant-eaters. 
The Virginia Deer — Moose — Irish Elk — Reindeer — Cari- 
bou — Wapiti — Musk Deer — Giraffe — Prong-horn Ante- 
lope — Rocky Mountain Goat — Gazelle — Chamois — 
^Mountain Sheep — Musk Ox — Bison, or Buffalo — Llama 

— Camel — Elephant . . ., . . . '. 74-107 

The Whales. 
The White Whale— Right W T hale— Sperm Whale— Dolphin 
and Porpoise 108-124 

The Bats .. 125-126 



Vlll CONTENTS. 

The Insect-eaters. 
The Galeopithecus — Shrews — Moles — Tenrec — Hedge- 
hog 126-130 

The Gnawers. 
The Gray Squirrel — Flying Squirrel — Striped Squirrel — 
Leopard Spercnophile — Prairie Dog — Beaver — Pouched 
Rat — Brown Rat — Black Rat — White-footed Mouse — 
Jumping Mouse — Muskrat — Porcupine — Hares and 
Rabbits 130-146 

The Animals without Front Teeth. 

The Armadillo . . - . • . . . .146-147 

The Pouched Animals. 
The Opossum — Kangaroo — Wombat .... 147-149 

The Duckbills . . - . „ . . . - 149-150 

Concluding Words 350 





PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

You have so much loved to look at the pictures 
of animals in the books upon your papa's table, 
that I think you will like to have some little books 
of your own, which have in them many pictures of 
animals and a little story about each one of them, 
telling you where it lives, how large it is, and 
what kind of a home it makes for itself and its 
little ones. You, Sanny, are too young to read, 
but I am sure you will love to have your sister 
read to you some of these little stories. 

When you go to walk hi the woods and fields, or 
to ride in the boat upon the pond, or when you are 
only looking out of the window, you often see sev- 
eral kinds of animals. Some kinds are large like 
the Horse and the Ox, and some are small like the 



10 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

Squirrel which you saw the other day leaping so 
nimbly from bough to bough, or like the little shin- 
ing Beetles which glide so swiftly over the water 
in the shady nook where we tie the boat. But you 
must not think that there are no animals larger 
than the Horse and the Ox, and none smaller than 
the Beetles ; in this little book you will find a pic- 
ture of the Elephant, an animal much larger than 
the largest ox ; and of the Whale, the largest an- 
imal in the world ; and there are animals so small 
that many hundreds of them can live in a single 
drop of water ! 

In this little book I shall show you pictures, 
and tell you stories of Mammals, or Quadrupeds, 
— the last word means Four-footed Animals. 

Some kinds of animals have all their feet like 
hands, and such animals are made to live on 
trees, and they can climb well. As they seem to 
have four hands, they are called Four-handed An- 
imals. On the next page there is a picture of one 
of them. Some of them, like the one in the pic- 
ture, are often called Apes ; others have a long 
tail, and are called Monkeys; and others have a 
long tail, and a head much like that of a dog, and 



FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 



11 




A Four-handed Animal. 



are called Baboons. All of the Four-handed An- 
imals live in warm countries, and I will soon tell 
you more about them. 



12 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



Some kinds of animals have very sharp teeth 
and sharp claws, and they kill and eat other an- 




5 



imals, and they are called Flesh-eaters, or Beasts 
of Prey. Here is a picture of one of them. 
Cats, Dogs, Wolves, Foxes, Hyenas, Weasels, 
Bears, and Seals are Flesh-eaters. 



FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 13 

Some kinds of animals are made to eat grass, 
leaves, and tender twigs of bushes and trees, and 
they are called the Plant-eaters. As their feet end 
in hoofs, they are often called the Hoofed Animals. 




A Plant-eater, or Hoofed Animal. 

Some kinds of animals are made to live in the 
sea, but are also made to breathe air, and so they 
have to come often to the surface of the water to 
get the air ; and they breathe through a hole on the 
top of their head. They are called Whales, and 
some of them are the largest animals in the world. 



FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 15 

Some kinds of animals have broad thin wings, 
and are made to fly in the air like birds ; they have 
no feathers, but are covered with fur, and the small 
ones look like a mouse with wings. They are called 
Bats. 




A Bat 



Some kinds of animals look like little mice, and 
are made to live in the ground, and to feed upon 
worms and little insects, and they are called Insect- 
eaters, and here is a picture of one of them. 




An Insect-eater. 



Some kinds of animals are made for feeding upon 
bark and nuts ; they have strong sharp teeth, and 
can easily gnaw the bark from a tree, or gnaw into 



16 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



a nut and get the nice sweet food within. They 
are called the Gnawers. Beavers, Squirrels, Hares, 
Rats, and Mice are of this sort. 




A Gnawing Animal. 

Some kinds of animals have no front teeth ; and 
others have no teeth at all. Some of these animals 
have fur, and others have a hard bony or horny cov- 
ering. Here is a picture of one which has a hard 




An Animal without front teeth. 



FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 17 

horny covering. Of those animals , which have 
no teeth, the most curious are the Ant-eaters of 
South America. They have a long tongue, cov- 
ered with a sticky fluid, and they push their tongue 
into the ant-nests, and the ants stick to it and 
are drawn out and swallowed. 

Some kinds of animals have a sack or pouch on 
the under side of the body, in which they carry 




A Pouched Animal. 



their little ones before they are able to walk and run 
about; and these are called the Pouched Animals. 
The Opossum of our country and the Kangaroo 
of Australia are of this kind. 



18 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

And there are some kinds of animals that have 
a bill much like that of a duck, and webbed feet, 
and a body covered with fur ; they are bird-like 
animals, and are called Duckbills. Here is a 
picture of one of these curious animals. It lives 
far away in Australia. No animals of this kind 
are found in our country. 




A Bird-like Animal. 

God has made some animals to live only in cold 
and frozen regions, where ice and snow cover the 
ground all of the year. He has made others to live 
in lands that are cold during one part of the year, 
and warm during the other part ; and others, still, 
he has made, whose home is where it is always 
summer, where the trees are always green, and 
fruits grow in great abundance. 



THE APES AND MONKEYS. 19 



THE FOUR-HANDED ANIMALS. 

It is in the warm countries that the Apes, 
Monkeys, and Baboons live, — the curious animals, 
whose feet look like hands. There are many kinds 
of these animals, and they are of all sizes, from 
those no larger than a squirrel to those as large as 
a man. They live in the forests, mostly on the 
trees ; for they are fitted for climbing, and for leap- 
ing from tree to tree and from limb to limb. Some 
kinds of monkeys have a long tail which they can 
twist around the branches, and thus use it as a 
hand in climbing. All of these animals eat fruits 
and nuts, and also birds' eggs and insects. Some 
kinds have a pouch or sack on each side of the 
mouth, in which they can carry food. Many of 
them are playful, and all are selfish and thievish, 
and full of mischief. 

The Gorilla is the largest of the Apes. It lives 
in Africa, and it is larger than a man, and so 
powerful that it can tear a man to pieces in a 
moment. 

Another very large ape is the Chimpanzee, which 



20 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 




The Chimpanzee. 

lives in Guinea, in Africa, and looks so much like 
a man, that, in his own country, he is called by 



THE APES. 



21 




The Orang-Outang. 



a name which means " man of the forest." The 
Chimpanzees live together in large numbers, and 



22 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 





The Kahau. 



The Marmoset. 





The Spider-Monkey. 



The Lemur. 



build a sort of nest or hut among the branches of 
large trees. Another large ape is the Orang- 
Outang whose picture I have shown you on another 
page. This ape lives on the island of Borneo. 



THE MONKEYS. 23 

The Orang, like the Chimpanzee, builds nests of 
leaves and branches. 

The Kahaus, or Long-nosed Monkeys, live to- 
gether in large numbers in Borneo and the south- 
ern part of India, and as they bound and frolic 
they cry kahau, ka/iau. They are about the size 
of a large dog. 

There are many kinds of monkeys in South 
America, and most of them have a long tail, 
and the tail is so made that they can pick up 
things with it as if it were a hand, and they can 
grasp with it the branches of trees, and thus use 
it in climbing ; and some kinds can put their 
tail so firmly around the limbs of the trees that 
they can let go with their hands and swing by the 
tail, without falling. Some kinds of the South 
American monkeys make loud and frightful yells 
in the night; these are called the Howlers. Some 
kinds have long, sprawling, spider-like legs, and 
are called Spider-Monkeys. Some kinds make a 
mournful cry, and so they are called the Weepers. 
Some kinds have a long bushy tail like that of a 
fox, and so they are called the Fox-tailed Monkeys. 
Some kinds look so much like squirrels that they 



24 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

are called Squirrel-Monkeys. The little Marmosets 
also look like squirrels as they nimbly run about 
and leap from tree to tree ; their fur is long, soft, 
and beautiful, and they are so gentle and graceful 
that some people keep them for pets. 

The Lemurs are monkey-like little animals which 
live on the island of Madagascar. They are very 
pretty, with soft silky fur, and a large bushy tail. 
In the same island lives the Aye- Aye, a curious, 
monkey-like animal, about the size of a cat, with 




The Aye- Aye. 

large ears, and with teeth much like those of a 
squirrel. It digs a hole in the ground, in which 
it sleeps in the daytime, coming out at night for 
its food. 



THE CATS. 25 



THE FLESH-EATERS, OR BEASTS OP PREY. 

You like the cat, and love to have her lie in 
your lap, where you can feel her soft fur, and 
listen to her purring, as you gently stroke her 
with your hand. She is very tame and does not 
scratch nor bite. But the house cats were once 
wild, and lived in the woods, though they have 
long been tame as you see them now. There are, 
however, many kinds of cats which are wild and 
live in the forests, and are never handled except 
by daring men, who sometimes get them when 
they are young, and train them so that they can 
handle them and play with them as you do with 
your pretty kittens. These cats are called Lions, 
Tigers, Leopards, Panthers, Pumas, and Lynxes. 
You have never heard these animals called cats 
before, but they are true cats, and they have sharp 
teeth, and sharp claws, and cushions on the bot- 
toms of their feet, so that they can step softly, 
and they watch for their prey, and when they 
have stealthily crept near to it, they pounce upon 
it with a spring, just as you have seen your puss 



26 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



spring upon a mouse or a bird. These great 
fierce cats eat sheep, deer, antelopes, and other 
large animals, and when they get a chance, even 
man himself. % 




The Lion. 



The Lion is one of the largest of the cats, and 



THE LION. Z< 

lives in Africa, and in the southern part of Asia. 
He is as long as an ox, but does not stand so 
high ; the color is pale clingy yellow, and the long 
tail ends in a tuft of black hair, and the head 
and neck are clothed with a long, full, flowing- 
mane. His head is very large ; and, when the 
Lion is angry, his eyes flame like fire, his mane 
stands erect, he shows his teeth, and thrusts out 
his claws which are as long as a man's fingers, 
and he is then very terrible to look upon. The 
strength of the Lion is very great ; one stroke 
of his paw will crush the head of the great buffalo, 
and he can carry off the body of a man as easily 
as a cat can carry off a mouse. 

The Lion is often called the " king of the for- 
est," but he does not live so much in the forest 
as on the plains, and in those places where the 
antelopes go to feed. Like the house cat, the 
Lion almost always spends the day in rest and 
sleep, and hunts his prey at night; and he hides 
and lies in wait, or creeps slowly towards his 
victim, and then springs forward upon it with 
a bound, and sometimes with a dreadful roar. 
The roar of the Lion is very terrific ; the Arabs 



28 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

call it by a word which means thunder. It is 
said that Lions are more active and furious on 
those nights when storms are raging, and their 
roarings, together with the thunder, the torrents 
of rain, and the vivid flashes of lightning, make 
the night one of horror to the traveller encamped 
upon the plains or in the forest. When the ani, 
mals which are resting on the plains hear the 
roar of the Lion, they start up frightened, and 
bound away, and, in their terror, often rush to- 
wards the spot where the Lion is crouching ready 
to spring upon them. 




The Teeth of a Flesh-eater. 



I have told you that all the cats have very 
sharp teeth ; they are made to eat the flesh of 
other animals, and their back teeth do not shut 
upon each other to crush food as yours do, but 



THE LION. 29 

the teeth in the upper and lower jaws shut by 
each other like the blades of a pair of scissors, 
and thus they cut the flesh in pieces. The tongue 
of the cat is very curious ; you know how rough 
your little kitten's tongue is ; the Lion's tongue 
is much more rough, so rou°;h that if he should 
lick a man's hand, as kitty sometimes licks yours, 
he would tear away the skin. 

The Lion and Lioness take good care of their 
young ones ; they guard them from harm, and 
bring them tender food to eat, and when they 
are about fire or six months old, they take them 
out to hunt, and to teach them to kill for them- 
selves. The young Lions stay with their parents 
about three years ; when they are eight years 
old they are full-grown, and they live thirty or 
forty years. 

Many daring men like to hunt these fierce, sav- 
age animals, and the hunters and the travellers, 
who have visited the countries in which Lions 
live, have told us much about them. We are 
told that the Lion often lies in wait near springs 
of water, so as to attack the animals that come 
to drink, and it is said that when the Lion 



30 PICTURES AND .STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

springs upon a giraffe, — a tall, beautiful animal 
that I shall tell you about by and by, — he ii 
sometimes carried for miles fixed to the neck 
of the fleet creature, before it sinks bleeding and 
dying under him. 

The negroes know that the Lion is found on 
the open plains, and near the herds of antelopes, 
and that he kills and eats his prey at evening 
and very early in the morning ; and so when they 
wish to kill Lions, they watch the herds feeding 
on the plains, and if they seem frightened and 
run, they know that they have been attacked by 
Lions, so they mark the spot, and at noon when 
the sun is hot, they cautiously come near, and 
almost always find the Lion sleeping, and then 
they shoot him with a poisoned arrow. The 
Lions often come near towns and settlements to 
attack the cattle, and sometimes the people. 
A story is told of a man who was driving 
some cattle to drink, and who saw that he was 
pursued by a Lion ; the man ran to a tree, up 
which he climbed ; the Lion followed and lay 
down at the foot of the tree ; all day and all 
night the Lion waited, and the man remained 



THE TIGERS. 31 

in the tree ; at last the Lion became so thirsty 
for water, that he went away to drink, and while 
he was gone the man fled to his home, which 
was about a mile away : the Lion returned to 
the tree, and, finding the man gone, he followed 
him nearly to his door. 

The Royal Tiger is as large as the lion, but 
it has a smaller head. It lives in the southern 
part of Asia, and on the large islands of that 
region. Though not so noble looking as the lion, 
it is a more graceful animal, and its colors are 
much more beautiful. It is yellow, handsomely 
striped with black, and underneath it is almost 
pure white. When pleased it purrs, and rubs 
itself against any object which is near, just as 
you have often seen your kitty rub herself against 
the sofa or the legs of the table. The Tiger is 
said to be more fierce than the lion. It lurks in 
the jungles and forests, and among the bushes 
that grow along the river-banks, and springs 
upon its prey, sometimes leaping as many as fifty 
feet to secure it. It is often easily frightened. 
A lady in India, seeing a Tiger about to spring 
upon some people, frightened it away by quickly 
opening an umbrella before it ! 



32 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

Horses have such a dread of Tigers that they 
are not much used in hunting these fierce animals. 
So the tiger-hunters ride to the hunt upon ele- 
phants, which are not so easily frightened, and 
stand more steadily, and are so powerful that 
when the Tiger springs upon them, they are al- 
most always able to shake him off. 

The Tiger is very strong, and very swift in its 
motions. Once, during the march of an army 
through a forest, a Tiger sprang upon a horse- 
man, snatched him from the saddle, and bore him 
off into the woods before any one could give help 
to the poor man. 

The Jaguar, or American Tiger, is a very power- 
ful and very fierce cat which lives in Texas, 
Mexico, and South America. It is smaller than 
the Royal Tiger of India, and it is of a yellowish 
color, marked and spotted with black. It preys 
upon all kinds of animals which it can catch, and 
it often lies in wait near springs and streams, 
where animals come to drink, and from behind a 
bush, or from the branches of a tree, it leaps 
down upon young cattle, deer, and horses, and 
fastens its sharp teeth in some poor animal's neck, 



THE JAGUAR AND LEOPARD. 33 

while its sharp claws are struck deep into his 
back and sides. The poor creature is soon killed, 
and then the Jaguar begins to eat it. The Jaguar 
never runs after its prey as wolves do, but fol- 
lows it slyly and stealthily. It will sometimes 
follow a man for a long time, that it may get a 
chance to spring upon him suddenly. The Jaguars 
swim across rivers, and they sometimes plunge into 
the water and attack the Indian in his canoe. 

The Leopard lives in Africa and in Asia. It 
is about half as large as the Tiger; its form is 
elegant, and its movements are very graceful. Its 
skin is very beautiful ; the color is pale yellow, 
covered all over the back and sides with roundish 
spots of black, but fading into white below. The 
Leopard is very active, and he swims, bounds, 
creeps, and climbs trees. He is often called the 
Tree-Tiger, because he runs up the trees so easily, 
and leaps about from branch to branch ; some- 
times he crouches and stretches himself along a 
limb, so that he can scarcely be noticed, and lies 
there waiting to spring down upon some animal 
which is passing beneath. Leopards eat small 
antelopes, deer, and little monkeys. Those that 



34 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

live near settlements come and steal sheep and 
pigs, and they will attack man if they can creep 
up behind him. The Leopard is easily tamed, and 
plays like a kitten. The Panther looks very 
much like the Leopard, and it is found in the 
same countries. 

The Puma is a cat which lives in the forests of 
our country, and it is as large as the largest dog. 
It is sometimes called the American Lion ; it is 
also called the Panther, and the Catamount, or 
Cat of the Mountain. It is long and slender, and 
its color is a silvery-fawn, or reddish gray, upon 
the back, and it is nearly white below. It eats 
young deer, raccoons, hares, birds, and other 
small animals ; it often climbs trees, and lies 
upon a limb, ready to spring upon its prey as it 
passes under the tree ; and it sometimes comes 
to the farm-yards and kills the sheep and lambs. 
Unless very hungry, it will not attack man in the 
daytime, but it will sometimes spring upon him 
at night, — for, like other cats, it prowls about at 
night for its food. But it is afraid of fire, and 
so the woodsman and the traveller frighten away 
the Puma by keeping up a blazing fire all night, 



THE PUMA. 35 

In the mountains the Puma's den is near the 
mouth of some cave in the rocks, and only just 
far enough in to be sheltered from the rain ; in 
the marshy lands the Puma's lair is in a dense 




The Puma. 

thicket, or among the tall weeds and grass. The 
Puma sometimes utters a wild, startling cry or 
growl, which is not pleasant to hear. The Puma 
is very bloodthirsty, and it has been known to 
kill fifty sheep in one night, for the sake of sip- 
ping a little blood from each one of them. 



36 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



The Canada Lynx lives in the forests of the 
northern parts of our country, and is as large as 
a good-sized dog, and its ears are tipped with long 
black hairs. Its feet are very large, and its claws 
are long and sharp. The Lynx catches hares, 




The Canada Lynx. 



squirrels, and partridges, pursuing the birds even 
among the tree-tops. The Wild-Cat is very much 
like the Lynx, but is smaller, and has no long hairs 
on the tips of its ears. It lives in the woods in 
nearly all parts of our country, and it some- 
times comes to the farm-yard to get the hens and 
chickens. 

You, dear Sanny, are so fond of watching a dog, 
that I know you will like to look at this picture of a 



THE WOLF. 



37 



Wolf, — an animal which looks very much like a 
large dog, but which lives in the woods, and in 
the wild, unsettled parts of our country. Wolves 
are very strong, fierce, greedy animals, and often 
hunt in large companies or packs, and thus they 




~^lr 



The Wolf. 



can kill animals which are much larger than them- 
selves, and which one Wolf alone would not dare 
to attack. They chase and overtake the reindeer, 
and kill and eat it. They prowl about the herds 
of buffaloes, and snatch up the young which stray 
too far from the herd, or any that are left behind 
when the herd moves on. In the newly settled 
parts of the country they catch sheep, lambs, and 
young cattle, and thus do great injury to the far- 



38 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

mer. They sometimes catch and eat dogs and 
foxes. They can overtake a fox in running, and 
a single wolf is so powerful that he can carry off 
a fox or a dog in his mouth. I have heard a true 
story of a wolf that came prowling around a fort 
where there were soldiers; and one day he was 
shot at, and hit with a bullet and driven away ; at 
night he came back to the fort, and although still 
bleeding from his wound, he stole one of the fifty 
dogs which were kept there, and carried it off in 
his mouth. The wolves in this country do not 
often attack men ; but in Russia, and in some other 
countries of Europe, they are more fierce, and they 
often attack travellers who are passing through 
forests or lonely places. 

The Dog is found in every country. He likes 
to be near man, and is his faithful servant and 
friend ; and he is the only animal that has gone 
with man to all parts of the world. There are 
many different sorts of dogs. Some are very small, 
so small that you could hold one of them in your 
hands; and others are so large and strong that 
one of them could easily carry you on his back, 
or draw you if he were harnessed to a cart. Some 



THE DOGS. 



39 




The Shepherd's Dog. 
The Setter. 
The Bloodhound. 

The Bull-dog 

The Pointer. 
The Terrier. 

The King Charles Spaniel 






The Greyhound. 
The Fox. 

The Saint Bernard. 



The Esquimaux Dog. 
The Foxhound. 

The Poodle. 



-,, v r , The Coach Dog. 

The Newfoundland Dog. The Mastiff. 



40 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

kinds of dogs are pretty for pets ; others are pleas- 
ant companions ; others are good for hunting birds, 
squirrels, and other small game ; others for hunt- 
ing large wild beasts ; others for guarding houses 
and stores ; others for tending sheep, or driving 
cattle ; others for drawing loads ; and one or two 
noble kinds of dogs are good for helping those that 
are in trouble and danger. You will like to know 
the names of some of these different kinds, and 
you will like to read some true stories about them. 

One very beautiful kind has a long slender body, 
covered with smooth, shining hair ; a small, pointed 
head ; a long, curved tail ; and long, slender legs. 
This is the Greyhound. It is the swiftest of all 
the dogs, and it is used in hunting deer, foxes, and 
hares, and other swift-running animals, and it fol- 
lows them by sight, and not by smelling their 
tracks as other hunting dogs do. 

The Saint Bernard Dog is very large and strong, 
with a large head, long hair, and a bushy tail. 
This noble dog is so kind, so intelligent, and so use- 
ful, that I must tell you all about him. He is some- 
times called the Alpine Spaniel, because his home 
is among the Alps, — high mountains in Switzer- 



THE SAINT BERNARD DOG. 41 

land, a country beyond the sea. There are several 
roads or passes which lead over these mountains 
to Italy, and in some places the roads are very steep 
and narrow, and in the winter season they are very 
dangerous. There are snow-storms on these moun- 
tains, even in the summer months, but in the long 
winter season they are very violent. These storms 
sometimes come on very suddenly, often when the 
morning has been bright and pleasant ; and they 
rage with so much fury, and the snow falls to such 
depths, that, in a few hours, the traveller is buried 
beneath the drifts. Many persons have lost their 
lives in trying to pass over these mountains dur- 
ing the winter season. 

One of the most dangerous of the passes over 
these mountains is that of the Grand St. Bernard. 
In some places, on one side of the pass you can 
look down over the rocks several hundred feet, 
while on the other side are high cliffs, and the 
path itself is often slippery with snow and ice. 
Great masses of rock, ice, and snow overhang the 
path, and sometimes these are loosened by the 
storms and winds that sweep over these regions, 
and they fall upon the path, and over the precipice, 



42 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



and carry away or bury the poor traveller, or 
fill the path so that he cannot make his way, and 
he sinks down, weary and cold, and soon falls 
asleep, while the snows blow and drift over him. 
The pass of the Grand Saint Bernard was used 
before Christ lived upon the earth ; and, for nearly 
a thousand years there has been, near the top of 
the mountain, and not far from the pass, a stone 
house, in which travellers may find food and shel- 
ter. This house was founded by a good monk 
named Bernard de Menthon. At first the house 
was very small, but now it is a large building, 
four stories high, and can contain many people. 
It is called the Convent, or Hospice of Saint Ber- 
nard. Here good monks live all the year, for 
the purpose of aiding travellers. And here are 
kept the noble Saint Bernard dogs, and, with the 
help of these dogs, the monks are able to save 
many lives. Prom ten to twenty thousand persons 
go over this pass every year, and all are made wel- 
come to the Hospice. In this cold, dreary region 
nothing will grow, and all the food, and the wood 
with which it is cooked, must be carried up the 
mountain during the short summer of three months. 



THE SAINT BERNARD DOG. 43 

But I must tell you about the good dogs. They 
are trained to look for lost travellers, and every 
day in winter they are sent out, almost always in 
pairs ; one has a basket of food and a flask of wine 
or brandy strapped to his neck, the other has a 
cloak strapped upon his back, so that if they find 
some poor fainting man, he may be supplied with 
food and clothing. If the man can walk, they 
lead him towards the convent, barking loudly for 
help, and to let the monks know that they are 
coming back. If the man cannot move, they go 
back, and guide the monks to the spot where he 
is. Sometimes the traveller is covered by ten, 
or even twenty feet of snow, and if the monks 
were alone they could not find him ; but the keen 
scent of the dogs discovers him, and they scratch 
up the snow with their feet, and they bark until 
the monks come to the spot. But the dogs them- 
selves sometimes perish in their attempts to save 
the lives of others. One cold stormy night, 
more than fifty years ago, a man was crossing the 
mountains, on his way to his home in a little vil- 
lage in the valley on the other side. After great 
trouble and danger he got to the Hospice, and 



44 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

the monks tried to have him stay there all the 
night, and finish his journey the next day. But 
he was very anxious about his little family, and 
would not stay ; so they gave him two guides, and 
two dogs to go with him, and they all started down 
the mountain together. The same night his wife 
and children became so alarmed at his long ab- 
sence that they left their home and began to go 
up the mountain, hoping to meet him, or to hear 
from him. While they were toiling up, and he 
was coming down, great masses of ice and snow 
were loosened from the top of the mountain, and 
they swept down into the valley below, and all 
these good people, and the faithful dogs were 
covered up and destroyed. One of these dogs 
had saved the lives of twenty-two persons. An- 
other dog, named Barry, saved during his life- 
time the lives of forty-two persons, all of whom 
must have perished if it had not been for him. 
When he died, his skin was stuffed, and placed 
in the museum at Berne. I will tell you a story 
which is told of Barry. A mother, who was going 
up the mountain with her little son, was carried 
away by a snow-slide. Barry found the little boy 



THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG. 45 

unhurt, but cold and stiff; in some way lie in- 
duced him to get upon his back, and thus carried 
him to the door of the Hospice, where he was 
taken good care of by the monks. 

The Newfoundland Dog is very large, and is 
covered with long shaggy hair, which is black or 
very dark in color. He is good-natured, obedient, 
and faithful. He loves his master and his mas- 
ter's family, and he seems to understand their 
wishes, and he carefully guards their home. He 
is a pleasant companion at home, and in the 
fields, and on the river when you go a-boating. 
He is very kind to children, and if he sees a 
child fall into the river, this noble dog quickly 
plunges in and saves the little one from drowning, 
and he has often saved men from being drowned. 
A little girl was on board of a ship with her 
mamma, and on the same ship was a gentleman 
who had with him a fine Newfoundland Dog. 
The little girl wished to play with the dog, but 
her mamma, fearful that the great dog would 
hurt her, would not allow it. By and by the little 
girl fell into the sea, and a great cry was raised 
for the life-boat. All the time the ship was inov- 



46 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

ing on, and the little girl was left behind strug- 
gling in the water. But before the boat was 
made ready, the noble dog had leaped into the 
water ; he swam to the drowning girl, seized her 
dress, and swam to the boat which had been 
launched, and both were soon safe in the ship. 

Once, when a dreadful storm was raging, a 
vessel was driven upon the coast of England. The 
waves were running very high, so that no boat 
could be launched, and yet eight poor men on 
board the vessel were calling for help. At last 
a gentleman came upon the beach, and with him 
was a Newfoundland Dog. The man pointed to 
the vessel, and put a short stick in the dog's 
mouth. The brave fellow knew his meaning, and 
sprang into the water, and swam through the 
waves towards the vessel ; he could not get near 
enough to the vessel to give the stick, but the 
men knew what was meant, and they fastened a 
rope to another piece of wood, and threw it to- 
wards the dog, and the noble creature dropped 
his own piece, seized the one that had been thrown 
to him, and swam towards the shore, and though 
several times lost under the waves, he reached 



THE ESQUIMAUX DOG. 4< 

the land, and gave the stick with the rope tied to 
it to his master, and thus those on shore could 
help those on the vessel, and they were saved. 

In Newfoundland these dogs are trained to 
draw carts and sledges. 

The Esquimaux Dog lives with the Esquimaux, 
half-savage people of Greenland, and other cold 
regions of the North. This dog has short, pointed 
ears, which stand erect, a bushy tail, which curves 
over the back, and stout legs. It has a thick 
coat of hair, which in winter is very long. It 
also has, in winter, an under coating of close, 
soft wool. This dog never barks, but it utters 
a long, wild howl, like that of the wolf. It is 
almost as savage as a wolf, and it has no love 
for its master, and obeys him only through fear. 
But the Esquimaux Dogs are very useful ; for their 
masters harness them to a sort of sled, called a 
sledge, and the dogs thus draw their masters and 
heavy loads over the snow with great speed. 
From six to twelve dogs are harnessed to each 
sled, and they are guided by means of a long 
whip ; the driver uses no reins. 

The Shepherd's Dog is large, of a black or dark 



48 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

color, and it has a slender pointed nose, short 
ears, long shaggy hair, and a bushy tail. A shep- 
herd is a man who takes care of sheep, and the 
Shepherd's Dog helps him do this work. He helps 
his master guard the flock from the attacks of 
wolves and other wild beasts, and he helps him 
gather the flock into the fold at night ; and when 
the day's work is done, he goes home with his 
master, sits by his side while he is eating his 
supper, or curls up close to his chair and falls 
asleep. When the flocks are very large, and have 
to be guarded at night, or when cold storms come 
on, and the sheep and lambs must be gathered 
into some safe warm place, then the Shepherd's 
Dog is of great service ; for he must run over the 
hills, often for miles ; he does this quickly and 
gets his master's flock all together, and does not 
get them mixed with the sheep of other flocks. 
One dark night in Scotland, many years ago, a 
large flock of lambs which a shepherd was guarding 
became greatly frightened, and ran away in differ- 
ent directions across the hills. The shepherd 
told his dog that they were all gone ; and the 
shepherd spent the whole night in looking for the 



THE SHEPHERD'S DOG. 49 

lambs, but could not find them. The dog, too, 
was missing. The shepherd was feeling very 
badly, thinking that he would have to go home 
and tell the master that the lambs were lost. But, 
on his way home, to his great joy he found the 
lambs gathered in a deep ravine, and faithfully 
guarded by his dog ; not a lamb was missing. 
The noble fellow had collected the scattered lambs 
in the dark, and gathered all together, and was 
guarding them till the shepherd should come. 

A shepherd once went out upon the hills to 
look after his flock, and he took with him his 
little child who was about four years old. By 
and by the shepherd found that he must go up 
a high hill, which was so steep that the little 
child could not go with him, so he left him at the 
bottom of the hill, and told him not to move from 
the place. Soon after the shepherd got to the 
top of the hill, a thick mist came on, so that 
the day was almost like night. The shepherd 
went back to look for his child, but could not 
find him, and after searching a long time, he had 
to go back to his cottage without him. His dog, 
also, was not to be found. Early the next morn- 

VOL. I. 4 



50 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

ing, the shepherd again began to search for his 
dear child , but again he had to go back without 
him. But when he got home he learned that his 
dog had returned, and as soon as he received his 
food had gone again. For four days the shepherd 
looked for his child, without finding any trace 
of him, and every day the dog came for food 
and went away again. At last the man thought 
he would follow the dog, and the dog led him to 
a steep place among the rocks, at some distance 
from the spot where the child had been left; the 
dog went down the rocks and entered a sort of 
cave at the bottom ; the shepherd followed, and 
there he found his little child eating the bread 
which the dog had brought to him. The child 
had wandered away from the spot where he was 
left, and had fallen or scrambled down the rocks ; 
the dog had tracked him, and when he found 
him, never left him day nor night, except when 
he went for food. 

The Fox-Hound is a large dog, with long droop- 
ing ears ; it is used in hunting foxes. It runs 
faster than the fleetest horses, and is very highly 
prized by the hunters. In England a gentleman 



THE BLOODHOUND AND SPANIELS. 51 

sometimes keeps fifty or sixty Fox-Hounds to aid 
him and his friends in fox-hunting. These gentle- 
men do not shoot the fox, but they chase it with 
dogs and horses till the poor animal is overtaken 
and killed by the dogs. The kennels which are 
built for the hounds are often large and costly. 
The dog-kennel of the Duke of Richmond cost 
thirty thousand dollars. 

The Bloodhound is a very large, stout, and 
very fierce dog, which has often been used in 
hunting men who had escaped from those who 
wished to capture them. 

The Spaniels are dogs which came from Spain, 
and so they are called Spaniels. There are very 
many kinds of them. They have large drooping 
ears, and long silky fur. They have a bright, 
pleasant look, and they are kind and affectionate. 
One is the King Charles Spaniel, a pretty little 
pet dog. Another is called the Setter, and this 
is a favorite with hunters, for it aids them in hunt- 
ing quail, grouse, and woodcock. I will tell you 
a true story about a little Spaniel. One morning 
as its mistress was lacing her boots, one of the 
laces broke, and she turned to the dog and said 



52 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

playfully, " dear ! I wish you would find me 
another boot-lace." Then she tied the broken one, 
and thought no more about it. On the next morn- 
ing, when she was again lacing her boots, her little 
Spaniel ran up to her with a new silken boot-lace 
in his mouth, but where he got it no one could 
tell. 

The Pointer is a large dog, which looks both 
like a hound and a setter, and is also used in 
hunting quail, grouse, and woodcock. When he 
comes near the game, he stops, lifts one foot, looks 
steadily at the game, and points towards it with 
his nose, and he does not move till the hunter 
tells him to go forward and " flush," or start up 
the bird. The dog then moves forward, and 
when the bird flies, the hunter takes good aim 
and shoots it ; then the dog, if well trained, will 
go and get the bird and bring it to his master. 
If the hunter does not bid him go and bring the 
bird, the dog stands still until his master tells him 
what to do. Some Pointers are so well trained 
that they will stand perfectly motionless for an 
hour, or even longer. Two dogs of this kind were 
made to point while an artist could make a sketch 



THE POODLE AND TERRIERS. 53 

of them. This took him an hour and a quarter, 
and the dogs stood perfectly still all that time. 

The Poodle is small, with broad, hanging ears, 
and with long, thick, curly hair, and is a nice dog 
for a pet. You have often seen this little dog. 

The Terriers are also good pet dogs, for they 
are good-natured, and fond of play and frolic. 
One of these dogs used to play at hide-and-seek 
with his master. When his master said, " Come, 
let us have a game," the dog would cover his eyes 
with his paws ; then his master would hide a cake, 
or a piece of money, and the dog would get up 
and look till he found it. The Terriers seem to 
understand what is told them, and they learn very 
easily to perform curious feats. They are full of 
courage, and do not hesitate to attack the fox 
or the wolf. They get the name of Terrier from 
the word terra, which means earth ; because, 
these dogs, being small, and fierce in hunting, are 
sometimes sent into holes in the earth to drive 
out the game, as foxes and rabbits. They are 
good for catching and killing rats. 

The Mastiff is a large, strong, but very good- 
natured dog ; he is much attached to his master, 



54 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

and always ready to defend him, and everything 
which belongs to him. He is kept as a watch- 
dog, and it is often dangerous for a stranger to 
try to enter the house, or stable, against his will. 

The Bull-dog is fierce and ugly looking. He 
has a thick round head, thick lips, and a turned- 
up nose. He has great strength and courage. 

Poxes are smaller than wolves and most of the 
dogs, and they have a slender nose, and a large 
bushy tail. They do not go in droves, but hunt 
alone, and they hunt only at night, and in the early 
morning. They dig holes in the ground, where 
they rear their young, and where they often stay 
in the daytime. Sometimes they spend the day 
in dense thickets, or under a fallen tree-top, or 
in holes and caves in the rocks. They catch 
mice, birds, hares, and other small animals, and 
they come to the farm-yard, and steal geese, ducks, 
turkeys, and chickens. The Fox takes the neck 
of a goose in his mouth, swings the body over 
his back, and runs swiftly to the woods, or to 
his hole to share it with his young ones. Foxes 
are hunted with dogs called fox-hounds. And 
the farmer, who has had his geese and young 



THE FOX. 55 

turkeys and chickens stolen, sets traps for the 
Foxes ; but he does not often catch them, for they 
are very cunning as well as sly, and can often 
tell where the trap is, even when it is carefully 
covered up with straw or leaves. Sometimes the 
Fox outwits both the dogs and the hunters that 
are pursuing it. A certain Fox was often chased 
by dogs and hunters, but it always used to get 
away from them at the same place, and the hunt- 
ers could not understand it; but at last it was 
found out that the Fox, being so far ahead of the 
dogs and men that they could not see him, leaped 
from a fallen log on to a very sloping tree, 
up which he crawled till he was hidden by the 
branches ; there he would lie till the dogs and 
hunters passed ; then he would jump down and 
run back to the thicket or tree-top from which 
he first started. Foxes, when caught alive, often 
pretend to be dead. A gentleman told me that 
he once set a trap for a Fox so carefully that he 
caught the sly animal. He set the trap just be- 
fore night when it was snowing, and so his tracks 
and the trap were covered over with snow. The 
Fox came to get the bait, and stepped upon the 



56 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

trap ; it sprung, and caught the Fox by the leg. 
The trap was not fastened, and so the Fox dragged 
it some distance through the snow ; the gentle- 
man followed the track, and at last overtook the 
Fox, and struck him with a little stick ; at once 
the Fox seemed to be dead ; the gentleman took 
him up and carried him home, his foot still in the 
trap. When he got home the Fox was perfectly 
well, and if he had been taken from the trap when 
first struck, and when he seemed to be dead, he 
would have jumped up and run away in a mo- 
ment. There is a picture of a Fox, with the dogs, 
on the thirty-ninth page. 




The Civet. 



This pretty little Civet lives in Texas and Cali- 
fornia, and it is about as large as a cat ; its home 
is on the trees, and it is very lively and play- 
ful, and so easily tamed that the miners often 



THE WEASEL. 57 

keep it for a pet. Its tail is prettily marked with 
black and white rings. 

Weasels live in walls, in stone-heaps, under the 
roots of old trees, and sometimes in cellars, and 




The Weasel. 

about old mills ; they are very small and slen- 
der, with soft thick fur, which is brown in sum- 
mer and white in winter, and the tail has a black 
tip. The fur is called Ermine, and many years 
ago was worn only by kings and nobles. The 
best Ermine is brought from Siberia, a very cold 
country in Asia. Weasels are very bold and blood- 
thirsty, and often kill animals much larger than 
themselves. They destroy many chickens ; one of 
them killed fifty in two nights. 

The Sable lives in the deep woods of the north- 
ern parts of our country; it catches and eats 
hares, birds, and squirrels. In winter it makes 
its home in a hollow tree, and the hunter often 
sees it sitting with its head just out of its hole. 
When so seen the hunter does not shoot it, for 



58 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

it would fall back into its nest and be lost; 
but he walks slowly around the tree, the sable 




The Sable. 

comes out to look at him, and is then shot. Its 
fur is of a beautiful dark brown color, and is 
made into cloaks, collars, and muffs, and is often 
called Hudson Bay Sable. The costly Russian 
Sable fur comes from Siberia. 

Sometimes in the winter you may see on the 
ice and snow of ponds and brooks, and about 
rivers, a little slender dark brown or black crea- 
ture, smaller than a cat. It is the little Mink, 
which lives near the water, and has the dark, 
glossy, beautiful fur often called American Sable, 
which is made into so many warm garments for 
the winter. The Mink has its toes partly webbed, 
and it can swim and dive with ease ; and when 
pursued it often takes to the water and swims 
away to some hiding-place. Sometimes when 



THE MINK. 59 

closely followed by dogs it will climb a tree, but 
it does not often do so unless chased. When 
running and rambling about, it often stops, raises 




The Mink. 

itself upon its hind legs and listens, looks around, 
and sniffs the air as if it were on the watch for 
an enemy. It hunts its food mainly at night, 
although it may be often seen running about in 
the daytime ; and it is active all the winter. The 
Mink digs a burrow in the ground, in which it 
lives, and the end of the burrow is enlarged into 
a sort of chamber, and in this chamber its little 
nest is made. The nest is of a rounded shape, 
with an opening on one side, and it is built of 
dry soft grasses, and nicely lined with feathers. 
In the woods, the burrows are often made un- 
der logs, or under the roots of trees near the 



60 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

water ; sometimes the burrows run along under 
rocks, or under stone walls. The Mink often 
saves the trouble of digging its burrow, by find- 
ing that of a muskrat, and, after driving out the 
owner, taking possession of the house and bur- 
row, and keeping it for its own. This suits 
the Mink very well, as the muskrats' burrows 
always lead to the water. Sometimes the Mink 
lives in the hollow of a fallen tree, and some- 
times in the old hollow roots of a tree which 
lie near the water. The Mink feeds wholly upon 
other animals, following them by scent as the 
dogs do, though when near its prey it often steals 
forward and springs upon it, like a cat. It eats 
small quadrupeds, grouse, quails, and water-birds 
and their eggs, and fishes, frogs, and other water 
animals. Sometimes the Mink takes up its abode 
near the farm-yard, under the barn or under a 
haystack, and in the night comes to the coop 
and steals the young turkeys and chickens. It 
is quite a brave little animal, and when attacked 
by dogs or muskrats, it fights with much courage 
and is not easily killed. It takes good care of 
its young while they are in the nest, but as soon 



THE WOLVERINE. 61 

as they are able to take care of themselves, they 
leave the mother, and before winter each one 
makes or finds a home for itself. 




The Wolverine. 

Here is a picture of a very powerful, fierce, and 
greedy animal, about the size of a large dog. It 
is the Wolverine, which lives in the cold regions 
of the North. It follows the sable-trappers, and 
troubles them by eating the game ; and it is so 
shrewd and cunning that it will even spring the 
trap without getting caught itself, and then de- 
vour the bait. 

You have often seen the soft, warm fur collars 
which gentlemen wear in winter, and you will like 



62 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



to know what animal has such pretty, thick fur. 
These collars are made of the skins of the Otter ? 
a long, slender, beautiful animal which lives in 
and about ponds, rivers, and large brooks. Its 
food is fishes, and it can swim so fast beneath 
the water that it can catch even the swiftest of 




The Otter. 



them. Otters are very playful, and they love to 
" slide down hill " almost as well as you do. 
Their sliding-place is the steep, wet bank of a 
river, where, time after time, they slide down head 
foremost, going splash into the water at the hot- 



THE SKUNK. 63 

torn. They make their nest in the river's bank, 
and sometimes in a hollow tree or log ; and they 
line it with dry grasses and leaves, so that it may 
be soft and warm for their little ones. 

This pretty little black and white creature, with 
its long flowing hair, and its beautiful large bushy 
tail, is the Skunk, which is so much disliked fo} 




The Skunk. 

its bad odor. It lives only in America, and for 
its home it digs a burrow in the ground, in which 
it stays during the daytime. It comes out at 
night, and feeds upon beetles and other little 
insects, and eggs, often stealing into the hen-coop 
to rob the nests, and sometimes to kill and eat 
the hens and little chickens. 

The Badger lives in the western part of our 



64 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



country. It is about the size of a small dog, 
and its body is very stout. Its fur is soft, fine, 
and silky, and on the hind part of the body it is 
so long as almost to hide its short tail. It feeds 




The Badger. 

upon mice and prairie squirrels, which it digs 
out of their holes, and it also eats young birds, 
eggs, and insects. It digs a dark and winding bur- 
row, in which it stays most of the day, and in 
this burrow it makes a warm nest of soft dry 
mosses and grass. 

When white people first came to this country 
to make it their home, great forests covered almost 
the whole land, and in these forests lived many 
fierce, hungry animals, — the wolves, panthers 



THE BEARS. 65 

or pumas, and the bears. Many of the great 
forests have been cut down, and the land is made 
into beautiful smooth green fields ; but the moun- 
tains and the wild parts of our country are still 
covered with deep woods, in which some of these 
animals are still living. You have read about 
the puma, and the wolf, and you will like to 
know something about the bears. They are 
very large and powerful animals, with very long 
sharp claws ; they live in caves, and in hollow 
trees, and eat other animals, and also berries, 
roots, nuts, acorns, and insects, and they are 
fond of green corn and honey. The Black Bear 
is common in the forests of our country, and 
although so large and strong it does not often 
attack man unless angry or in defence of its lit- 
tle ones. This Bear is very fond of ripe black- 
berries, and when it finds a nice cluster, it picks 
off each ripe berry, one by one, without touching 
the green ones or breaking the bushes. 

The Grizzly Bear lives on the Rocky Mountains, 
and in California. It is much larger than the 
Black Bear, and it is the fiercest animal in our 
country, and so strong that it can kill and drag 



66 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 




Bmllilt 




The Grizzly Bear. 



THE GRIZZLY BEAR. 67 

away the great bison or buffalo, an animal as 
large as an ox. 

The Grizzly loves the woods and thickets, and 
he prowls about in search of food in the day- 
time as well as at night. His great tracks are 
often seen along the banks of the rivers, where 
he wanders to see what he can find to eat. Like 
the Black Bear, the Grizzly is fond of wild fruits 
and berries, and when these are ripe he goes 
in search of them, and he stands upright beside 
the bushes and small trees, and bends them over, 
or pulls them down, and then picks and eats the 
wild plums, and the berries which he likes so 
well. He sometimes comes out of the woods, 
and goes to the gardens near the forts, and there 
picks and eats the green peas. The Grizzly some- 
times attacks hunters and travellers, especially 
if he be hungry, or if the hunters have wounded 
him. Sometimes he suddenly springs upon a 
group of travellers and bears away one of their 
number, before there is time for any one to resist 
him. 

There was once a party of men travelling in 
the wild regions where the Grizzly Bears live. 



68 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

They had been rowing their canoe during the 
day, but when night came on, they landed, drew 
their boat out of the water upon the shore, and 
tilted it up behind them, and built a fire, and 
began to get their supper. While they were all 
seated around the fire, and enjoying the pleasant 
evening, a big Grizzly Bear leaped over the canoe, 
seized one of the men and quickly carried him 
off. All the men but one were much frightened. 
But one brave man grasped a gun and followed 
the bear, and saw him going farther and farther 
away with the man held fast in his mouth. He 
called out to the poor man who was in the bear's 
mouth, and told him that he was afraid to shoot, 
fearing that he would hit him instead of the bear ; 
but the poor man called back to him, and told 
him to shoot at once, as the bear was squeezing 
him to death. So the brave man took good aim 
with his rifle, and sent a ball into the body of 
the bear ; the bear immediately dropped the man, 
and ran after the one who had shot him, but the 
bear was wounded so severely that he could not 
overtake him, and so he went away into the woods 
and was seen no more. The man that was rescued 



THE RACCOON. 69 

from the bear was very badly bitten and hurt, 
but he at last got well. 

The Polar or Great White Bear lives in the 
cold regions of the North. It makes its nest in 
the deep snow. You may think it strange that 
such a nest can be warm enough for baby bears; 
but the mother finds a nice place at the side of 
some large rock, and lies down, and the snow 
falls upon and covers her ; the warmth of her 
body keeps the nest warm, and her breath makes 
a little hole in the snow above her, which lets in 
the pure air, and in this nest the old bear and 
the cubs, as the little ones are called, stay all 
winter. So you see that no animal need freeze 
to death if the snow is only deep enough to cover it. 




The Raccoon. 



The Raccoon looks very much like a little bear 
with a long tail. It lives in woods and near 



70 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

streams, for it likes to eat frogs, turtles' eggs, 
and mussels. It climbs trees and robs the nests 
of birds, and, when the corn is young and tender, 
comes at night into the cornfields to feast upon 
it. The nest is often made in a hollow tree. A 
young Raccoon is easily tamed, and becomes gen- 
tle and playful. Your papa has a friend who once 
kept one of these little animals as a pet for several 
months, and the little cunning fellow would go 
every morning to a basin of water, and wash his 
hands and face. 

I think, Amy, you have not forgotten the pretty 
Seals which we saw in the large tank of sea-water 




The Seal. 

at the Aquarial Gardens in Boston. They were 
so tame that when their keeper called them by 
their names, Ned and Fanny, they would come 
to him, and, at his bidding, would shoulder a lit- 
tle musket, turn the crank of a hand-organ, shake 



THE SEAL. 71 

hands with visitors, and Ned would even " throw 
a kiss " to the ladies. Seals live in the sea, and 
they have a head which looks like that of a dog ; 
their eyes are large, dark, and very beautiful. 
Seals often crawl out of the water upon the rocks, 
and, in cold seas, upon the floating ice, to lie in 
the sunshine. 

You may sometimes see a seal swimming in the 
sea, when you are going to Nahant by steamboat ; 
but you will see only its head; it keeps its body 
below the surface of the water. 

There are many kinds of Seals. Some kinds 
have a body no larger than that of a dog ; others 
are very large ; one kind is twenty or thirty feet 
in length. The people of Greenland, and of other 
cold and icy regions of the North, hunt these 
animals every day, and were it not for the Seals, 
they would starve and freeze ; for the flesh of the 
Seal is their principal food : its fat gives them 
oil for their lamps, and for their fires, and they 
also eat it with their food ; its skin is made into 
warm and strong garments, and it is also used to 
cover their boats, their sledges, and their tents, 
and it is cut into straps for their harness, and for 



72 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



their whips ; its stomach is used for an oil flask ; 
its sinews are used, instead of thread and silk, 
for sewing; and its bones are made into hooks, 
knives, and spear-points. The Greenlander goes 
in his seal-skin boat to hunt the Seals, and when 
he gets near one he throws his harpoon into it ; 
the Seal at once dives below the water, and when 
it comes up again the man attacks it with his 
lance and at last kills it. 




The Walrus. 

The Walrus lives in the sea in the cold regions 
of the North, and looks a little like a large seal, 
but its " eye-teeth " are very long, forming two 
stout tusks, as you see them in the picture. The 
Walruses use these tusks in climbing out of the 
water on to the shore, or on to the ice-banks ; 



THE WALRUS. 73 

and they also use them in tearing up sea-weeds 
and sea-shells, upon which they feed. The Walrus 
is as large as the largest ox you ever saw, and 
it is covered with short brown hair. Although 
it lives in the water, it likes to come upon the 
land and sleep in the warm sunshine. Large herds 
of these animals are often seen lying upon the 
rocks, or on the fields of ice. While the Walruses 
are sleeping, one of their number is awake and 
on the watch, and if he sees danger near, he 
awakes the others by a loud bellowing, and all 
plunge into the water as soon as they can. When 
upon the shore they are often attacked by the 
Polar bear, and they then fight very hard to de- 
fend themselves. Walruses are hunted for their 
oil, which is used in lamps, and for many other 
purposes, and they are also hunted for their tusks, 
which are good hard ivory, and are made into 
knife-handles and many other useful and beauti- 
ful articles. When attacked by the hunters they 
fight very fiercely, and they bravely defend their 
young ones. They can readily smash a boat in 
pieces with their tusks, or they can upset a boat 
by hooking their tusks over the sides of it. 



74 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



THE PLANT-EATERS. 

Here is a picture of the Virginia Deer. You 
have seen this beautiful and graceful animal in 
the lovely gardens at Belmont, and in other places. 
Its little ones are called fawns. When wild it is 




The Virginia Deer. 



very timid, and if startled, it bounds over the 
plains and through the forest with great speed. 
But those that you have seen were very tame, 



THE VIRGINIA DEER. 75 

and would come and eat the fresh, sweet clover 
from jour hand. 

In winter the Deer eats the buds of many kinds 
of shrubs, such as the wild rose, the hawthorn, the 
azalea, the winter-green, the partridge-berry, and 
many others ; in summer it feeds upon the tender 
grasses, and it sometimes comes to the planters' 
grain-fields, and eats the young wheat, oats, and 
corn ; it is also fond of berries ; in autumn it eats 
the chestnuts and beechnuts, which fall upon the 
ground, and it also comes to the oak-trees to feed 
upon the acorns. The Deer is said to feed mainly 
at night, but in those places where it is not often 
disturbed, it may be seen feeding in the morning 
and in the afternoon. In the Southern and Middle 
States, the Deer sometimes come in the summer 
to the plantations and leap over the fences, and 
hide during the daytime in a thicket, or among 
the vines and briers, and at night feed upon the 
leaves and tender fruit of the growing plants ; at 
other times they go four or five miles away to 
spend the day, often swimming rivers in their 
journeys to and from the feeding-grounds. In 
cold weather the Deer likes to rest during the 



76 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

day in some dry place, where it maybe sheltered 
from the winds, and warmed by the sunshine. In 
warm weather it often rests in shady swamps, or 
among the bushes which grow near brooks and 
streams. During the warm months it is often 
much troubled by flies and mosquitoes, and to 
avoid them it lies down in the shallow water with 
only its antlers and a part of its head exposed. 
The Deer are very fond of water, and they go every 
night to some pond or stream to drink. They are 
also very fond of salt, and often go at the morn- 
ing and evening twilight, or by moonlight, to the 
salt springs ; they do not seem to drink the water, 
but they lick the stones and the earth on the 
edges of the springs and streams. The Virginia 
Deer is hunted for its flesh, which is called 
venison, and which is very good for food. 

Here is a picture of the great Moose, which lives 
in the cold parts of our country. It is the largest 
of all the Deer, being taller than a horse, and with 
very large, broad, and flat horns. Its legs are so 
long that it does not need to leap over fences 
and fallen trees, but steps over them with ease. 
In the summer it comes to the lakes and rivers to 



THE MOOSE. 



77 



feed upon the water-plants, and to get away from 
the flies which are so troublesome at that time ; 




The Moose. 



in the winter many of them stay in " yards"; 
these are large tracts of ground on which the 



78 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

snow has been trodden down hard by the Moose, 
the light, untrodden snow around the yard serving 
as walls. Here the Moose are quite safe, as wolves 
dare not enter. 

Far away across the ocean, in the peat-bogs 
of Ireland, there have been found the bones of 
a deer much larger than the Moose or any other 
kind of deer now living on the earth. These 
bones belonged to a deer called the Great Irish 
Elk, which lived many thousand years ago. It 
was ten feet high to the top of its horns, and 
the tips of its broad horns were ten feet apart ! 

The Reindeer is much smaller than the Moose. 
It lives in cold regions, and is very hardy ; in 
summer it eats the buds and twigs of shrubs, and 
in winter it scrapes the snow from the ground, 
and feeds upon a little plant called the " reindeer- 
moss." 

This animal is very useful to the people that 
live in Lapland, who keep large herds of them, 
and use them as we use cattle and horses ; their 
milk and flesh are good for food, their skins make 
warm clothing, their sinews are used for thread, 
and their horns are made into knives and other 



THE REINDEER. 79 

useful articles, and their tongues are luxuries 
which are sent to many parts of the world. The 
speed of the Reindeer is very great. In a palace 




The American Reindeer, or Caribou. 

in Sweden there is a painting of one which drew 
an officer, with important despatches, the dis- 
tance of eight hundred miles in forty-eight hours. 
The North American Reindeer is called Caribou. 
It lives in Maine and Canada, and westward to 
the region of Lake Superior, and as far north as 
Greenland. 



80 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



Another very large deer is the Elk, or Wapiti, 
which lives in Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Min- 




The Elk, or Wapiti. 

nesota. It is about as large as the moose, and 
its horns are very long and very much branched. 
The horns of the Wapiti are sometimes so large 
that, when resting on their tips, a man can walk 



THE MUSK DEER. 81 

erect between them. All kinds of deer shed their 
horns, which are called antlers, every year, and 
they grow again to their full size in the course of 
a few months. 




The Musk Deer. 

The pretty little Musk Deer lives on the high 
mountains of Thibet, in Asia. It is about as large 
as a goat, and has no horns. Two of its upper 
teeth grow very long and look like tusks. The 
perfume called musk is obtained from this deer. 

The Giraffe lives in Africa, and feeds upon the 
leaves and tender twigs of trees ; and its neck 
is so long that it can easily reach those that grow 
twenty feet from the ground! Its color is yellow, 
spotted with light and dark brown, and its eyes 
are large, full, and lustrous. It does not shed 



82 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



its horns, which are small and covered with a 
hairy skin. When attacked by an animal from 




The Giraffe. 

which it cannot escape, the Giraffe defends itself 
by kicking, and in this way it can sometimes 
tire out and beat off even the fierce lion. 



THE PRONG-HORN ANTELOPE. 83 

In the Western part of our country, on the 
mountains and on the plains, lives the beautiful 
Prong-horn Antelope. It is as large as a sheep, 
and has a long neck, and very long legs. Hun- 
dreds are sometimes seen together, and when 




The Prong-horn Antelope. 

alarmed they bound across the plains and along 
the slopes of the mountains with great swiftness. 
It is called Prong-horn because of the branch or 
prong which it has on each horn, and which you 
can see in the picture. 

The Rocky Mountain Goat lives on the steep 
sides of the Rocky Mountains. It is as large as 



84 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



a sheep, and looks very much like the common 
goat. It has a coat of long white hair and thick 




The Eocky Mountain Goat. 

white wool, and its horns and feet are of a shining 
black color. Although this animal looks like a 
goat, and is called a goat, it is truly an Antelope. 
But you will want to know the difference between 
a Goat and an Antelope, and I will tell you, — 
Goats, and Sheep too, have dull brown and angular 
horns, while Antelopes have black and round or 
rounded horns. You see now why w^e call the 
animal whose picture I here show you an Ante- 
lone. 



THE GAZELLE. 



85 



Far away in Africa and in Arabia lives the 
small, graceful Gazelle, famous for its large, dark, 
and beautiful eyes. It is a very wild and timid 
little creature, but if caught when young, it can 




The Gazelle. 

be tamed, and then its beauty and its playfulness 
make it a charming pet. It runs faster than the 
swiftest greyhound, and sometimes large herds 
of a thousand or more are seen bounding over 
the plains together. 

The little Chamois lives on the Alps, high 
mountains in Europe. It cannot endure heat, 
and in summer is found only on the snowy sides 
of the mountains, or in deep cold glens, where the 
snow, upon which it loves to lie, does not melt. 



86 PICTUKES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

It is very shy, and at the least alarm bounds 
swiftly away over rocks, and up and down the 
steepest places, often springing upon a rock just 




The Chamois. 

large enough to hold its four feet placed close 
together. 

To shoot the Chamois the hunters toil very hard, 
and go into very dangerous places. The chamois- 
hunter starts from home in the night, so that 
he can get to the places where the Chamois are 
to be found very early in the morning, even be- 
fore these animals come forth to feed. When 
he gets near the place where he thinks he shall 
find his game, he looks all about with a telescope. 
If he does not see any of the Chamois, he goes 



THE CHAMOIS. 87 

farther up the mountain, until he sees one of these 
beautiful animals, and then he goes far around, 
keeping behind the rocks, so as to get above the 
Chamois before it sees him ; and at last he gets 
near enough to shoot it. When he has shot the 
Chamois he quickly goes to it, and lifts it upon 
his shoulder, and carries it down the rugged moun- 
tain and home to his family. 

It is very difficult to get near the Chamois when 
there are many together, for while they are feed- 
ing one of their number is always on the look- 
out, and when it sees any danger it warns them, 
and they all bound away together, over rocks, 
snows, and glaciers ; and the hunter, if he would 
get one of them, must toil on for hours and hours, 
and travel miles and miles in the most difficult 
and dangerous places. Sometimes night comes 
on while he is following the Chamois, but the 
hunter is not discouraged ; he travels on as long 
as he can see, and then he finds some place where 
he may lie down beside a rock and spend the 
night. He eats his supper of bread and cheese, 
which he has brought with him in his bag, and 
then goes to sleep, with only a stone for his pil- 



88 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

low. In the morning he is up very early, and 
after eating a scanty breakfast he starts off again 
to try and find his game ; and thus he some- 
times spends two or three days alone on the moun- 
tains. 




The Mountain Sheep. 

The Mountain Sheep, or Big-horn, lives on the 
slopes of the Rocky Mountains. It is very much 
larger than the common sheep, and its horns are 



THE MUSK OX. 



89 



very large and strong. The hunters say that 
this sheep sometimes leaps from very high places, 
and, falling head-foremost, strikes upon the tips 
of its great strong horns, receiving no injury. 

Here is a picture of the Musk Ox, that lives 
far away in the cold regions of the North; its 
dark brown silky hair is very thick and long, 




The Musk Ox. 

for in those icy places the animals need warm 
coats of hair, fur, or feathers, and God in his 
love and goodness has thus clothed them. The 
Musk Ox is very agile, and climbs up the steep 
sides of hills where the snow has been blown away 
by the winds, and feeds upon the grasses, mosses, 
and lichens which grow there. 



90 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

The Bison, or Buffalo, is the largest animal in 
America, being as large as an ox. It lives in large 
herds on the plains far beyond the Mississippi 




The Bison or Buffalo, 

River. Buffaloes are hunted for their skins, which 
are made into the buffalo-robes that keep us warm 
when we ride in the cold winter. Sometimes 
the plains are covered with these animals as far 
as the eye can reach, and travellers have passed 
through great herds of them for days and days, 
without their numbers seeming to grow less; and 
their paths look more like great travelled roads, 
than like the marks of hoofs. Buffaloes were 



THE LLAMA. 91 

once common in the Eastern part of the United 
States, even to the shores of the Atlantic ocean ; 
but they have been hunted and killed till now 
none are found except far away in the West; 
and I fear that by and by they and the Moose 
and the Wapiti, and some others of the large an- 
imals of our country, will all be gone. 

The Llama lives on the Andes, — high, cold 
mountains in' South America. It is much larger 




The Llama. 



than a sheep, and is covered with long, soft hair 
of a brown or gray color. It is tamed by the 
people of the regions in and near which it lives, 
and it is used to carry burdens from place to 



92 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

place. The wild Llamas are hunted for their flesh, 
and also for their skins. The people of Peru use 
the dried flesh of the Llama for food, and the 
skins of one kind, called the Alpaca, are very 
highly prized, for the hair is very fine, long, and 
silky, and it is made into beautiful and costly 
cloths. The Llamas drink very little water, but 
they like to feed upon juicy plants. They eat a 
sort of rush-like grass which grows upon the moun- 
tains, and they also eat the mosses and lichens 
which grow upon the rocks. Their native haunts 
are in and near the regions where snow and hail 
often fall, and they cannot well bear the heat for 
a long time. They carry easily about one hun- 
dred pounds in weight, and if treated kindly 
they are very good-natured; but if they get pro- 
voked, they turn and spit at the person who offends 
them. When not using them, their masters allow 
them to graze upon the mountains, and the tame 
Llamas are often seen grazing in the same pas- 
tures with the wild ones. And if the wild 
Llamas get frightened and run, the tame Llamas 
do not run too, as you might suppose they would, 
but they seem to like to be near man, and never 
run away to get their freedom again. 



THE CAMEL. 



93 



The Camel looks a little like the Llama, but 
it is very much larger, being larger than a horse, 
and it stands very high. There are two kinds 
of Camel ; one kind has two humps upon its back ; 
the other has only one hump. The home of the 
Camel is in Africa and Asia, and it is formed 




The Camel. 



for living on, and travelling over, the rocky and 
sandy deserts of those countries. It has always 
been so useful to the people in carrying burdens 
across the wide sandy plains, that it has often 



94 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

been called the " ship of the desert." The feet 
of the Camel are large and wide, and on the bot- 
tom of them are pads or cushions, which help 
the Camel to tread firmly upon the soft, yielding 
sands ; and these cushions render the Camel's 
tread so noiseless, that if one of these large an- 
imals were walking close beside you, even upon 
rough and rocky ground, you could not hear its 
footsteps. The cushions are covered with a hard 
skin, which is not injured by the heated and almost 
burning sands of the desert. The eyes of the Camel 
are shielded from the light and the glare of the 
sun by a large overhanging brow, and by very 
long lashes to the eyelids ; and the Camel, when 
it wishes, can close its nostrils so as to keep out 
the fine, driving sand which is raised by even the 
slightest wind. Its stomach is formed to retain 
a portion of the water which the animal drinks, 
so that the Camel can easily go four or five days — 
and sometimes it goes nine or ten days — without 
drinking ; and thus it can travel from well to 
well, even though the wells, or drinking-places, 
may be several hundred miles apart. It eats the 
coarsest herbs, and thorny shrubs, such as scarcely 



THE OAMKL. 95 

any other animal will touch, and the leaves and 
branches of trees ; and it also eats beans, dates, 
and cakes of barley. It can live for many days 
upon very little food, but when obliged to do this, 
its hump becomes smaller, for the fat of which 
it is composed is, at such times, taken back into 
the system to nourish the Camel and keep it alive. 
After a long and painful journey, when the supply 
of food has been scanty, the Camels arrive with 
backs almost straight, instead of the great hump, 
or humps, which are natural to them ; and it often 
takes months of rest, and much good food, to put 
the Camels in good condition to travel again. The 
Camel is good-natured, and willing to share its food 
with other animals ; and it is very gentle and pa- 
tient, and even when overloaded it will not refuse to 
rise, and when weary it will not refuse to move on. 
The Camel is so tall that it is taught to kneel 
to receive its load, and to have its load taken off. 
When the Camel rests, and sleeps, it kneels and 
rests upon its breast. On its breast and on its 
legs are hard callous spots ; and upon these the 
weight of the body comes when the Camel kneels 
and rises. When it rises it lifts its hind feet 



96 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

first, and a person who is then upon its back, 
and who is not used to sitting and riding upon 
the Camel, is in danger of being thrown forward 
over the animal's head. 

For thousands of years these animals have been 
used by the people of Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and 
other Eastern countries, for carrying travellers 
and goods from one region or place to another ; 
they have also been used in war, and it was the 
custom of some nations, when they went to battle, 
to adorn their Camels with collars and chains of 
gold. 

The merchants of the East often travel in large 
companies, loading many Camels with goods, and 
others with the food which will be needed on 
the long journey. These large companies of men 
and Camels are called caravans ; and the number 
of Camels in a caravan is often many hundreds, 
and sometimes even several thousand. It was to 
the men of a caravan that Joseph w^as sold by his 
brothers ; this caravan was made up of Ishmaelites, 
Midianites, and Medanites, with their Camels, on 
their way to the markets of Egypt. 

The Camels of a caravan are sometimes placed 



THE CAMEL. 97 

in a single file, and they travel one after another ; 
at other times they travel side by side, presenting 
a broad front, a mile or more in extent. The 
caravans are often led by the sound of a bell, 
and when the music of the bell stops, all the 
Camels stop. Like many other animals, the Camels 
are fond of musical sounds, and when they are 
very tired, and almost ready to sink under their 
burdens, the drivers sing some cheering, lively 
melody, and the poor weary creatures brighten 
up, and move on more briskly towards the halt- 
ing-place. They stop and rest at noon ; and at 
night the Caravan halts, and the Camels are un- 
loaded. If the weather is very hot the caravan 
moves only at night, starting at eight o'clock in 
the evening, and going on till after midnight. 
The camel-drivers always stop near shrubs and 
bushes, if they can, so that the Camels may feed 
upon them. As there is no danger that the Camels 
will wander away to any great distance, and as they 
usually keep close to the spot where they are set 
at liberty, they are not often tied in any way. 
When they rest for the night, they almost always 
kneel in the form of a circle, and the men sleep 



98 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

in the centre of the circle. Unless the night is 
rainy, the men do not use a tent, but sleep upon 
the ground, the stars shining down upon them. 
A gentleman was walking, one dark night, near 
a little village a few miles from Smyrna, when 
he stumbled and fell over something which proved 
to be a young Camel, and getting up and going 
on he stumbled again, and this time he fell over 
among a company of camel-drivers, for he had 
come upon the resting-place of a small caravan. 
When the number of travellers is large, a great 
deal of water is needed for drinking, cooking, 
washing, and bathing, and the Camels carry a 
supply to be used for these purposes. The water 
is carried in leather bags or bottles, called water- 
skins. Sometimes many Camels are loaded only 
with water, but usually each Camel carries one 
water-skin in addition to its other load. The air 
in the desert regions is so dry and hot that 
the men are often very thirsty, but the custom is 
to drink only at stated and regular times, and the 
caravan halts for that purpose. The men and 
Camels often suffer greatly on these long marches. 
Sometimes the winds that blow are so hot that 



THE CAMEL. 99 

the water in the water-skins is partly or wholly 
dried up. Sometimes clouds of fine sand fill the 
air ; then the traveller gets down beside his Camel, 
closes his eyes, and wraps his cloak about his 
head, and waits till the sand-cloud passes. The 
Camels scent water at a great distance ; and when 
all are suffering from the want of water, and. the 
drivers do not know where to turn to find it, they 
let their Camels take their own course, knowing 
that if there is water in that region they will 
find it. 

Besides the merchant caravans, there are the 
pilgrim caravans, which are much larger, and 
contain thousands and thousands of people, and 
many thousand Camels. These caravans go from 
different parts of Asia and Africa to Mecca. 
Mecca is an old city in Arabia, where a man 
named Mohammed was born, and where he wrote 
a book called the Koran, which the Mohammedans, 
or followers of Mohammed, read and believe, as 
we read and believe our blessed Bible. The Mo- 
hammedans go to Mecca to worship. Four of 
these great caravans go to Mecca every year; 
one of them starts from Cairo, one from Damascus, 



100 PICTUEES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

one from Babylon, and one from Zibith, a town 
near the Red Sea. You can look upon the maps 
of Africa and Asia, and see where these places 
are marked, and when you are older you will 
learn about them. 

Here is a picture of the Elephant, the largest 
animal that lives upon the land. Its home is in 
Asia and Africa, where it is often seen in large 
herds. It is covered with a tough, hard skin, 
which is almost always of a dark gray color, but 
sometimes the skin is white. The nose of the 
Elephant is very long, and is called a trunk, and 
is used to carry food and water to the mouth. 
At the end of the trunk there is a sort of finger, 
with which the Elephant can easily pick up very 
small articles, and the keepers of tame ones train 
them to pick up pennies, and even needles, to 
amuse those who come to see them. Its food is 
the leaves and branches of trees, and large juicy 
plants. Two of its teeth grow into enormous 
tusks ; and from these tusks comes the ivory that 
is used for combs, knife-handles, chessmen, and 
many other useful and beautiful articles. Many 
thousands of these tusks are brought to England 



THE ELEPHANT. 101 

every year. The Elephant uses these large tusks 
to drive off his enemies, and to root up small 



The Elephant. 



trees, and to break down the branches of large 
ones, either to feed upon the leaves, or to make 
a passage for his huge body through the thick 



102 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

forests. When not teased, the tame Elephant is 
mild and gentle, but if provoked he does not fail 
to revenge himself. 

A man once went to see a tame Elephant, 
taking with him a package of nice ginger-cakes, 
and also 'a package of cakes hot with ginger and 
pepper, and while looking at the animal he gave 
him some of the nice cakes to eat, for which the 
Elephant seemed to be very grateful. By and by 
the man took from his pocket the package of cakes 
hot with ginger and pepper, and gave the whole 
package to the Elephant, and the Elephant took 
the package in his trunk, carried it to his mouth, 
and, after chewing it, swallowed the whole. As 
soon as he had swallowed the peppery cakes, he 
gave a loud roar, and appeared to suffer greatly, 
and, with his trunk, gave the water-bucket to his 
keeper, in that way showing that he wanted water 
to drink; the water being brought he drank six 
pailfuls, carrying the water to his mouth in his 
trunk ; and he was so angry with the man who 
gave him the peppery cakes, that as soon as he 
had finished drinking, he hurled the bucket at 
the man with such force, that, if it had hit him, 



THE ELEPHANT. 103 

it would have killed him. A year afterward the 
same man went again to see the same Elephant, 
and carried good and bad cakes as before. He 
first gave the Elephant some good cakes ; then 
he offered him a bad one, and as soon as the 
Elephant tasted it, he caught the man with his 
trunk, lifted him from the ground, swung him 
around, tore off part of his coat, seized the pockets 
and eat all the good cakes, trampling the bad 
ones under his feet ; then he tore the coat in 
pieces, and threw the pieces, and the fragments of 
the bad cakes at the man who had offended him. 

Elephants are trained to do many kinds of useful 
work in the countries where they live; they draw 
heavy loads, carry heavy baggage on their backs, 
carry timber on their tusks, and with their trunks 
and tusks pile up logs and wood for their masters. 

In India, the Elephant is used in hunting wild 
animals, the hunters riding to the chase upon 
the Elephants' backs ; and many years ago it 
was much more used than now. The princes 
and rich men of India once kept very large herds 
of Elephants for the use of themselves and their 
friends ; and when one of these princes or rich 



104 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

men went upon a hunting excursion, he made 
it as grand an affair as he could. I will tell 
you about one of these rich princes, and the way 
he went a hunting. His name was Asoph-ul- 
doulah, and he lived in a palace at the city of 
Lucknow. He used to go to the hunt early in 
the spring of the year, in March ; and he some- 
times took with him ten thousand armed men 
on horses, ten thousand armed men on foot, eight 
hundred elephants, and from forty to sixty thou- 
sand persons, called camp-followers, and who car- 
ried along food, and goods, or merchandise. This 
large army used to start from Lucknow, and the 
prince himself, mounted on an Elephant, rode in 
the centre of the line ; and on each side of him 
was another Elephant for his own use ; one of 
these was intended specially for the chase when 
he should get to the hunting-grounds. On his 
right, and on his left, was a long rank of Ele- 
phants. On and on they moved ; the Elephants 
and their riders, the horsemen, the footmen, and 
the camp-followers, trampling down the grass, 
flowers, bushes, and the fields of grain that were 
in their path. At last they reached the hunt- 



THE ELEPHANT. 105 

ing- grounds ; a camp was formed, tents were 
pitched ; and for weeks and weeks all kinds of 
wild animals were hunted and killed. 

The Elephant is the only animal that can be 
ridden in the tiger-hunt ; horses and camels are 
so afraid of tigers, they cannot be used at all for 
this purpose. The scent of the Elephant is so 
keen that he knows when he is near a tiger, even 
when the beast is hidden in the thick jungle ; and 
when he finds himself near one of these powerful 
and ferocious wild beasts, he is very uneasy, and 
holds his trunk very high up, so that the tiger 
cannot spring upon it, and tear and wound it. 
If the tiger attack him, he tries to get the tiger 
under his feet so as to crush him. Sometimes 
the Elephant catches him upon his tusks and 
tosses him high in the air, or throws him violently 
to a great distance. Sometimes the Elephant 
plunges forward, and with his tusks pierces through 
the tiger, and pins him to the ground, killing 
him upon the spot. 

You will like to know how wild Elephants are 
caught, and I will tell you. In the regions where 
the Elephants live, the Elephant-catchers make 



106 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

a large, strong pen of beams and logs of wood, the 
upright parts being set very deep in the ground, 
so as to stand firmly. From the large pen there 
is an opening into a smaller one, and from this 
into another still smaller. After the pens are all 
ready, many hundred men surround a large herd 
of Elephants, and begin to drive them toward 
the pens. As Elephants are very much afraid 
of fire, the men build fires at night, and these 
keep the Elephants from trying to get out of the 
ring which the men have formed around them. 
In the daytime the men make a great noise with 
guns and drums, and so the Elephants are driven 
nearer and nearer the pens, and at last they are 
driven into the large pen, and then the entrance 
to it is at once tightly closed ; then they are driven 
forward into the next pen, and then into the 
smallest one of all. From the smallest pen there 
is a long narrow passage, just large enough for 
one Elephant at a time to pass along. Into this 
passage the Elephants, one by one, are driven, or 
coaxed by food, and are then bound with strong 
ropes ; a strong rope is also put around the neck 
of each Elephant, and each end of the rope is 



THE ELEPHANT. 107 

fastened to a well-trained tame Elephant, and 
thus the tame Elephant helps his master to 
take the captured one to two large trees, to both 
of which he is securely fastened, — the ElejDhant 
standing between the two. The Elephant at first 
roars and struggles, and tries hard to get away; 
but soon he becomes tired out, and weak, and 
hungry, and he is willing to eat the food which 
is brought to him ; and so he grows tamer and 
tamer every day, and by and by he comes to like 
the man who brings him food, and obeys him as 
his master. 

A great many years ago Elephants were used 
in war, the soldiers fighting from towers which 
these animals carried upon their backs. 

In the bottom of the peat-bogs, and in some 
other places, in our country, there are found the 
bones of an animal which lived many thousand 
years ago, and which was much like the Elephant, 
but very much larger, and its teeth were not flat 
on the crown like those of the Elephant. It is 
called the Mastodon, and was once as common 
perhaps in the United States as Elephants are 
now in Africa and Asia. 



108 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

THE WHALES. 

You remember, Amy, the White Whale which 
we saw in a tank of sea-water at the Aquarial 




The White Whale. 

Gardens in Boston ; and how he would swim 
around and around his tank, and every few min- 
utes come to the top of the water to breathe. He 
was so tame that he would come and take food 
from his keeper's hand ; and he was trained to a 
sort of harness, and drew a young lady in a shell- 
shaped boat placed in the tank. This Whale 
was caught in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
packed in wet sea-weeds, and brought to Boston, 
then lifted into the great tank where we saw him, 
and where he seemed to feel as much at home as 
if he were in the ocean, where he was born. 






a 



B 



B- 




110 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

Some kinds of Whales are very large, — the 
largest animals in the world. On the previous 
page there is a picture of one of the large ones. 
It is called the Right Whale. It lives in the cold 
parts of the ocean, and its food is very small sea- 
animals, for it has no teeth, and so cannot crush 
the bones of large fishes ; but hanging down from 
the upper jaw are rows, or slabs, of whalebone, 
which are very much split and fringed on the 
inside. When the Whale is hungry, he opens 
his enormous mouth and takes in thousands and 
thousands of the little sea-animals at once, and 
all the water that he takes in with them is strained 
off through this fringed whalebone, and every lit- 
tle animal remains in his mouth and is swallowed. 




The Whalebone. 

Here is a picture of the head of this Whale, with 



THE SPERM WHALE. Ill 

the skin and flesh taken off, so as to show the 
whalebone in the position in which it grows. 

You have often seen pieces of it ; for it is this 
whalebone which is used in dresses, umbrellas, &c. 
It is often called baleen. The slabs are eight or 
ten feet long in a large Whale. 

Another large kind is called the Sperm Whale. 
It has no whalebone, but has teeth in its lower 



The Head of the Sperm Whale. 

jaw. A few years ago, before the oil-wells in Penn- 
sylvania and other parts of our land were known, 
many ships were employed, and many men were 
busy in pursuing and killing these large Whales ; 
for at tli at time the oil in our lamps came from 
these animals. From the head of the Sperm Whale 
comes the spermaceti, which is used in making 
nice white candles. The sailors dip the oil with 



112 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

large buckets, and fill many barrels from the head 
of one Whale. The very costly substance called 
ambergris is found in the Sperm Whale. It is 
used in making perfumery, and it has the power, 
when mixed with other perfumes, of making them 
more intense. It is very light, and is often found 
floating on the water where one of these animals 
has died. 

From our country alone, about seven hundred 
vessels and nearly twenty thousand men have been 
sent out, in a single year, to pursue and capture 
Whales. As soon as the vessels reach the " whal- 
ing-grounds," or those parts of the ocean where 
these animals are found, a constant watch for the 
Whales is kept from the mast-head of each vessel, 
and when one of these great creatures is seen, the 
" lookout " — as the man who is watching is 
called — cries, " There she blows ! There she 
blows ! " Then the captain orders the boats low- 
ered and manned, and everything is soon made 
ready for the pursuit. The Whale when first seen 
is sometimes miles away from the ship, and often 
the man on the watch sees only the blowing, or 
spouting of the Whale. I must tell you about 



THE WHALE. 113 

this, and also how the sailors can tell a Right 
Whale from a Sperm Whale, when it is many 
miles away. Although the Whales live in the 
water, they breathe air, and must often come to 
the surface to get a supply of it. The Right 
Whale has, on the top of the hind part of his 
head, two openings, called " blow-holes " ; through 
these he breathes, and also from these he spouts 
out water which has been taken into his great 
mouth ; and this stream of water, mingled with 
the warm, moist breath of his lungs, comes out 
of these openings with such force that it often 
rises to the height of thirty, forty, or even fifty 
feet, and can be seen at a great distance. When 
its power is spent, and it begins to fall, part of 
the water falls upon one side, and part on the 
other ; and so when the sailors see a whale spout- 
ing in this way they know that it is a Right Whale. 
The Sperm Whale has only one opening, or blow- 
hole, and it does not spout water, but only the 
warm moist breath from the lungs ; and this looks 
like a white mist, and soon fades away. 

Every whaling vessel carries from four to eight 
boats; for, in order to capture the' Whales, they 

VOL. I. 8 



114 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

must be chased until the men get near enough to 
them to throw harpoons into them, and to strike 
and 'wound them with their lances ; the Whale 
is attacked with both these weapons. The har- 
poon is a long shaft of iron, with a flat, broad 
head which tapers to a point, and which is sharp- 
ened on both edges. The harpoon is attached to 
a long, stout line, and so when the Whale is 
struck by a harpoon, he is " fast," as the sailors 
say. The rope to which the harpoons are fastened 
is very long, and to keep it from getting tangled 
it is kept nicely coiled in tubs. The tubs of rope 
are placed near the middle of the boat, and the 
rope passes from the tub to the stern of the boat, 
and around a post, which is firmly fixed to the 
framework of the boat ; from this post the rope 
leads along the whole length of the boat, to the 
bow where it passes out through a notch. When 
the boat is near enough to the Whale, the har- 
pooner throws the harpoon with such force that 
it often sinks deep into the body of the Whale. 
The Whale feels the cold sharp iron, and in its 
fright and pain begins to " run," and moves 
swiftly through the water, pulling out the line 



THE WHALE. 115 

so fast, that if it were not kept wet where it passes 
around the post, it would soon get on fire. Some- 
times the rope gets tangled, and then there is 
great danger to the one who tries to untangle 
it ; for if the rope gets a turn around the arm, 
or leg, the limb is torn off, or the poor man is 
pulled out of the boat and carried far down into 
the sea. I will tell you a story of a man who 
was drawn out of a boat in this way. The rope, 
which a Whale was taking out very swiftly, got 
tangled, and the man who sat near the post saw 
it, but had only time enough to slip the rope 
off the post and the tangled part was in a moment 
at the bow, where the captain was sitting; .the 
captain was seen to stoop to clear it, and then 
he was gone ; the boat-steerer seized a hatchet 
and chopped off the line, hoping, that when the 
captain felt the rope slacken, he would be able, 
though far below the surface of the water, to get 
himself away from it. The crew were so fright- 
ened that they could not speak a word. Several 
minutes passed, and then, when they were just 
beginning to give up all hope, the body of the 
captain rose to the top of the water, a little way 



116 PICTUEES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

from the boat, and the men, rowing forward, 
soon reached him and lifted him into the boat. 
At first he showed no sign of life, but shortly 
they saw that he breathed, and they quickly pulled 
for their ship, and put him on board, and tenderly 
cared for him, and in a few days he was well 
again. The captain, in telling the story, says 
that he was caught by the rope around his left 
wrist, and thus dragged swiftly through the water ; 
with his right hand he tried to reach the knife 
in his belt, so as to cut the rope, but the force and 
pressure of the water kept his right arm pressed 
against his side. But at last he felt the rope 
slacken, and he seized his knife, and when the 
rope tightened again he pressed it with the edge 
of the knife, and cut it, and he knew nothing 
more till he found himself in the boat, in the 
care of his men. 

The Whale often takes out several thousand 
feet of line, sometimes all that there is in the 
boat ; and a man stands ready with a hatchet to 
cut the rope when there is danger that the boat 
will be pulled under the water by the Whale. 
When the Whale is running, the oarsmen row, 



THE WHALE. 117 

so as to keep up with him, and to be near enough 
when he stops, to throw more harpoons, or to 
attack him with the lances. These are sharp spears 
of iron, which are plunged into the Whale when 
the boat can get near enough for the men to use 
them. But the boat must be kept out of reach 
of the tail and fins of the Whale, for with one 
stroke it can smash a boat in pieces, and sad acci- 
dents have often happened in this way. But 
usually several boats are lowered from the vessel 
at the same time, to go in pursuit of a Whale, 
and they keep near together, and if one is smashed, 
or upset, the crew can be picked up by the other 
boats, and thus saved from drowning. I have 
read a story of some whalers who were cruising 
for Whales in the Pacific Ocean. There were only 
three boats attached to their ship. One day, 
early in the morning, a Whale was seen, and 
two of the boats were sent to capture it ; they 
were soon fast to the Whale, which darted off 
and drew the boats far away over the waters, 
out of sight of the ship. Not long after, another 
Whale rose in the water, very near the ship, and 
the captain ordered the one boat that was 



118 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

left to be lowered, and leaving only one man and 
two boys in the ship, he sprang into the boat 
and with his crew started for the Whale. In a 
short time they had struck the Whale with their 
harpoons, and were swiftly carried about fifteen 
miles from the ship. The Whale then plunged 
down into the ocean, and they soon saw him far 
down in the clear water, rushing up, his great 
jaws open, to destroy the boat. By quickly sheer- 
ing the boat to one side, the Whale missed his 
aim, and thrusting his huge head into the air, 
fell over on his side, and plunged into the water, 
and again rushed up to attack the boat, and this 
time also the crew managed to avoid the blow. 
The Whale went down the third time, and rose 
just under the boat, threw it high in the air, and 
the men and the broken boat were floating on 
the waves, so far from the ship that they could 
not be seen from its deck. They knew not where 
the other boats were, and it seemed to them that 
they could only cling to the pieces of the boat 
for a little while, and then be lost in the sea. 
It was just noon ; and all the long afternoon they 
floated on the waves. When the ship rose on the 



THE WHALE. 119 

billows they could just get a glimpse of her spars. 
The sun set and night began to close in, and just 
then they saw, far away, one of the boats going 
back to the ship. They shouted, but the boat 
kept on ; again they raised a shout, but the boat 
still kept on; almost frantic with despair, they 
shouted once more, and this time the boatmen 
rested on their oars ; once more they shouted, 
and the boat was seen to turn in pursuit, and 
these poor men who had been struggling in the 
water so many hours were soon lifted into the 
boat, and carried almost lifeless to the ship. Once 
when a Whale was chased by a boat, he suddenly 
turned and made directly for his pursuers, and 
they were so anxious to strike him that they 
rushed on, and the boat soon struck the Whale's 
head ; the oarsmen were knocked from their seats, 
but the harpooner had time to throw his two 
irons, and the Whale rolled over on his back with 
his mouth open. Just then a wave struck the 
boat and threw it into the Whale's mouth ; all 
the men sprang out, and had just time to get 
clear of the boat before it was crushed by the 
Whale's great jaws. The crew were all picked 



120 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

up by another boat which was near, and were 
thus saved from drowning. 

Sometimes a Whale is killed by the harpoons 
in a few hours, at other times it is many hours 
before the Whale can be killed and towed to the 
ship. Several boats were once sent from a ship 
to capture a Whale which was seen far away in 
the water. After rowing four or five hours, the 
Whale was struck by the harpoons from one of 
the boats, and soon several more harpoons from 
the other boats were thrown into the Whale ; 
the great animal rushed on, dragging the boats, 
and the men could not get near enough to strike 
with the lance ; for as soon as they came near 
in order to strike, it would dive down into the 
water. The captain steered his ship in the 
direction the Whale and boats had gone, but it 
was all day and all night, and till the afternoon 
of the next day, before a line attached to the 
Whale could be secured on board the ship, and 
then the Whale dragged the ship for nearly two 
hours ; and it was not till forty hours after the 
Whale was struck that it was killed. Sometimes 
when the Whale is struck it at once dives far 



THE WHALE. 121 

down into the water, and with such force and 
fury that it has been known to break the bones 
of its head by striking many hundred feet below 
on the bottom of the sea. 

When the Whale is dead it is towed to the 
ship, and fastened alongside by means of ropes 
and chains, and then begins the work of cutting 
it up, and trying out the oil, and stowing it 
away. Large pieces are cut from the Whale, 
and by means of great iron hooks and ropes are 
lifted on board the vessel, and lowered into a room, 
where they are cut into smaller pieces ; these 
small pieces are then pitched upon deck, and 
are there cut and chopped so as to render them 
easy to be tried. On the deck of the vessel, 
firmly set in brick-work, are two or three great 
pots for trying out the oil. Each of these pots 
is large enough to hold several barrels. When 
ready to begin this work, the fires are lighted, a 
little oil is put in each pot, and then they are 
filled with the pieces of " blubber," as the fatty 
portions of the Whale are called. The men are 
now all busy ; some are cutting the pieces for the 
kettles ; others are putting pieces into the kettles ; 



122 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

some are feeding the fires with the scraps which 
are skimmed out, — for after the fire is kindled, no 
fuel is needed except the scraps from the kettles ; 
some are dipping the hot oil into a copper tank, 
where it cools, and others are filling casks from 
the tank and stowing them away in the ship. 
The fires are kept up, and the work goes on, day 
and night, until the Whale has been all cut in 
pieces and the oil all tried out. Each Whale 
yields from seventy to three hundred barrels of 
oil, according to its size and fatness. 

Sharks and other fishes are often seen near the 
ship, and about the body of the Whale, while it 
is being cut up, and many hundred sea-birds also 
come to feed upon the fragments. 

Whales sometimes sink as soon as they are 
killed, and this is very discouraging to the men 
who have been chasing them, and trying so hard 
to capture them ; but when the men see that 
the dead Whale is going down, they must quickly 
cut all the ropes which hold it to the boat, or 
the boat would be drawn under the water, and 
all the men would be drowned. 

Whales have been known, in their rage and 



THE WHALE. 123 

fury, to attack the ship itself, and, by knocking 
a hole in its bottom, cause it to sink. A ship 
named Essex, which sailed from Nantucket nearly 
fifty years ago, was destroyed in this way. A 
huge Sperm Whale rose in the water only a little 
way from the ship, and, swimming towards it, 
struck the bows such a blow that the vessel shook 
like a leaf; the Whale went down, passed under 
the ship, and soon appeared, lashing the sea with his 
tail and fins ; he seemed to be hurt, and frantic 
with rage ; he swam away from the ship, then 
turned ajid made directly for it, striking it again 
in the bows, this time making a large hole ; the 
vessel began to sink, and the crew took to their 
boats, arid for many days were exposed upon 
the sea in their open boats. At last they reached 
a low island, and there they landed and remained 
about a week. They then prepared to start for 
the island of Juan Fernandez, which was two 
thousand miles away ; but three of the men pre- 
ferred to remain on the little island ; these have 
never since been heard from. The boats, three 
in number, started off, and nearly two months 
afterward the mate's boat, with only three living 



124 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

men, was taken up by an English vessel, and a few 
days afterwards the captain's boat was found, with 
two men in her, by an American vessel. These 
were all that were left out of a crew of twenty. 

The Dolphins are whale-like animals which live 
together in the ocean, in large numbers. They 
are very lively, and often follow ships for several 
days, frolicking and sporting all the while, and 



The Dolphin. 

sometimes leaping so high out of the water as to 
fall upon the deck of the ship. The people who 
lived many years ago believed them to be very 
fond of music. The Dolphins, Porpoises, and 
Grampuses are animals which are much alike, 
and are often seen near each other. 

In another book I shall show you the picture 
of a very beautiful fish which is also called Dolphin. 
So you see that this name is given to two animals 
which are very different from one another. 



THE BATS. 125 



THE BATS. 

If you go to walk in summer, just as the soft 
evening twilight approaches, you will be almost 
sure to see a little animal flying above and around 
you, flitting and turning, now skimming along 




The Bat. 

near the ground, now far above your head ; you 
will only see him, you will not hear him, for his 
flight is very light and noiseless ; you may think 
this is his play-time, and that he is only sporting ; 
but this is his meal-time, and he is eating little 
insects, which he is catching every time he turns. 
Perhaps you will say it is a bird, but several 
times this summer the same little animal, or one 
of his cousins, has come in at our window, and 
after flying around the room several times, has 



126 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

suddenly alighted ; and now he does not look 
at all like a bird, but like a little brown bunch 
of fur. It is a Bat, and he flies by means of a 
fine thin skin, which spreads out on each side 
of his body, from his neck to his hind legs, and 
to the ends of his long fingers. His little body 
is covered with soft thick fur; his eyes are very 
small, his ears are large, and on his thumb there 
is a sharp hook. In the daytime he sleeps in a 
cave, a hollow tree, or any other dark place, hang- 
ing by the sharp claws of his hind feet. In cold 
countries Bats sleep all winter. 



THE INSECT-EATERS. 

On the trees of Borneo, and other islands of 
the Indian Ocean, there lives a very curious ani- 
mal, which looks a little like a bat, and which 
has a fine thin skin on the sides of its body, 
reaching from its fore feet to its hind ones. But 
it cannot fly like the bat; it can only take long 
leaps, this skin helping to support it in the air. 
It is called the Galeopithecus. During the day 



THE GALEOPITHECUS AND SHREW. 



127 



it is quiet, staying in the deep woods, but at 
night it is very nimble, running about on the 




The Galeopithecus. 

trees, and leaping from one tree to another in 
search of its food, which is fruits, insects, eggs, 
and birds. 

You know how small and soft the mice are, but 




The Shrew. 



The Water Shrew. 



here are two little creatures that are smaller than 
the smallest mouse you ever saw, and their fur 



128 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

is very soft and silky ; they are Shrews. They 
live in meadows and fields, under rubbish, and 
heaps of stone, in old walls, and in holes in the 
ground. They make a warm nest of soft dry 
grasses and mosses, and their food is insects and 
worms. Some kinds live in the banks of streams, 
and swim about in the water, and feed upon little 
water-animals. These are called Water-Shrews. 

When walking in the meadows, fields, or gar- 
den, you sometimes see little hills of loose earth 
just raised above the surface of the ground ; they 
are called mole-hills, and here is a picture of the 




The Mole. 

little Mole which makes them. It is about the 
size of a small rat ; its body is very stout, and 
its fore feet are very large and fitted for digging. 
Its eyes are so small that many people think it 
has none ; its fur is soft and thick, and feels like 
velvet, and every hair is so glossy that, although 



THE MOLE. 129 

it lives and digs in the ground, no animal is 
cleaner than the little Mole. Its home is a wind- 
ing burrow, in one part of which the nest is made, 
and from this part of the burrow lead many paths 
and galleries, so that, if the Mole is pursued, 
it is almost sure to escape. Another 
kind of Mole, about as large as this 
one, has a long nose, which at the ^ftfP§ 
end is shaped like a star ; this one is The O ^ ose °^ 

1 7 the Star- nosed 

called the Star-nosed Mole. Mole - 

You will like to know something about the 
next two animals, although they do not lire in 
America. The one called Tenrec lives on the 
island of Madagascar, the larger one is found in 
Europe. They are Hedgehogs, and they have, 
on the back, very sharp spines, and when alarmed 




The Madagascar Hedgehog or Tenrec. 

they curl themselves up, and this tightens the 
skin so much that the spines stand out on all 



130 



PICTUEES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



sides, so that the bravest animal dares not attack 
them. They live in the hedges, and spend the 




The European Hedgehog. 



day in sleep, coming out at night for their food, 
which is fruits, roots, and insects. 



THE GNAWERS, 



All little folks like to watch the nimble and 
graceful little squirrels, which run and leap about 
on the trees and on the ground, and always seem 
to be so happy and so busy. They are very pretty 
too, with their large bright eyes and their great 
soft bushy tail. In the woods they eat nuts and 



THE GRAY SQUIRREL. 



131 



acorns, and they come into the fields to get corn 
and grain. In winter these pretty little creatures 
live in hollow trees, where they make snug and 
warm nests. If disturbed before the young ones 




The Gray Squirrel. 

are old enough to run and take care of themselves, 
the mother takes them in her mouth, one by one, 
and leaps away to a place of safety. A sum- 
mer and autumn nest is built in the branches of 
a tree, and is made of twigs, leaves, and grasses. 
The Gray Squirrels are very beautiful, and they 



132 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

are often hunted for their skins ; those which 
come from Siberia are very dark colored, and 
are made into cloaks and other warm garments 
for winter. Gray Squirrels sometimes get to- 
gether in great numbers, and travel across the 
country, over mountains and through dense woods, 
and even swim broad rivers. The little Flying 




The Flying Squirrel. 

Squirrel is one of the most curious, gentle, and 
beautiful of living things ; it is not often seen, 
for it is quiet in the daytime, coming out at night 
for its food. It is a very social little animal, 
and large numbers often live together in hollow 
trees. The Chipmunk, or Striped Squirrel, is 
a very pretty and lively little creature, which 
makes its nest in a hole which it digs in the 
ground, near the roots of an old tree, or under 
the shelter of a wall ; the nest is made soft and 



THE SQUIRRELS. 



133 



warm with dry leaves, and near it is stored a 
large supply of walnuts, chestnuts, beechnuts, 




The Striped Squirrel, or Chipmunk. 

acorns, and grain. In autumn it is very busy 
getting its winter store of food, and it is often 
seen hurrying along to its hole, with its cheek- 
pouches full of nuts or grain. 




^§^m bl^ 



The Leopard Spermophile, or 
Striped Gopher. 



The little Leopard Spermophile, or Striped 
Gopher, is even prettier than the Chipmunk, its 



134 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



fur is so beautifully spotted and striped. It lives 
on the prairies, and digs deep, winding burrows 
in the ground ; sometimes it is seen sitting just 
at the opening, but if any one comes near it 
darts, with a chirp, into its hole. 

The curious animal called the Prairie Dog also 
lives on the prairies of the West ; it is a short, 
clumsy-looking little creature, and does not look 
at all like a dog ; but it makes a sharp noise which 




The Prairie Dog. 

sounds very much like barking, and from this it 
gets its name. It digs a burrow in the ground, 
and, at the opening, it raises a little mound of 
earth. Sometimes hundreds of these little an- 
imals make their burrows so near each other 



THE BEAVER. 135 

that the ground is covered with these mounds, 
and they look so much like little villages, that 
the hunters call them " Dog-towns." There is a 
small kind of owl which is often found living 
in these burrows with the Prairie Dogs, and 
sometimes the rattlesnake takes up his abode 
there, perhaps to feed upon the young of the 
Prairie Dog. 

On the next page there is a picture of the Beaver, 
with its strong sharp teeth, its webbed hind feet, 
and its broad, flat tail. Beavers live in and near 
the water, and they eat the roots of water-plants, 
and the bark of the birch, willow, maple, and of 
some other trees ; and when they cannot get bark 
enough they eat the hard wood itself. In order to 
get the bark to eat, and materials with which 
to build dams and houses, they gnaw through, 
and thus cut down with their sharp teeth, trees 
both small and large, sometimes those that are 
a foot and a half or two feet in diameter. When 
they have cut down a tree, they cut off all the 
limbs, and cut them into pieces one or two feet 
long or more, and they cut the stem or trunk 
of the tree into short logs. 



136 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



Beavers like ponds in which they may swim, 
and in or near which they can build their houses 
or lodges, and in whose banks they can dig their 
burrows ; for they have both burrows and houses. 
Therefore they make dams across the brooks and 




The Beaver. 

streams of the regions in which they live, so as 
to form such ponds as they like. They make their 
dams of poles, and limbs of trees, and brush, 
mixed with stones and mud. They save all of 
the bark of the limbs, and of the trunks of the 
young trees, for food ; so that nearly all of the 
sticks in a beaver-dam are peeled. The dams are 
very strong, and a man can easily walk from one 



THE BEAVERS. 137 

side of the river to the other on one of them. 
Beavers build their houses or lodges of sticks, 
stones, and mud ; they are quite large, and the 
walls are very thick. The houses stand in the 
water, but the nest or room where the Beavers 
live is above the surface of the water, and is dry 
and warm. From four to eight Beavers, and some- 
times as many as twelve, live in one house or 
lodge. The only entrance to their houses is 
through a hole below the surface of the water, 
and the entrance is very neatly made. Xear 
their houses they sink in the water a large supply 
of wood and bark for their food during the winter. 
They do most of their work at night ; but they 
begin very early in the evening, and they also 
work early in the morning. 

Long ago there were many Beavers in our coun- 
try, and their old dams and ponds are still found 
in many places. But their fur is so fine, and so 
beautiful, and makes such warm caps and collars, 
and brings so much money to the hunters and 
trappers, that they have shot and trapped the 
Beavers, till now they are never seen except in 
the wild and unsettled regions ; and by and by 



138 PICTURES AXD STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

I fear that they will all be gone. There are many 
Beavers now living in the swamps and woods 
near Lake Superior, and if you could go there 
you would see their dams, and ponds, and houses, 
and the trees which they have cut down and peeled 
with their sharp teeth ; and you would see the 
many long canals which the Beavers dig to float 
their logs in, when the trees which they cut down 
for their dams, and their food, are far from the 
pond. Some of their canals are five hundred feet 
long ; they are about three feet wide and two or 
three feet deep, and partly filled with water. You 
may perhaps wonder that the Beaver knows so 
well how to build strong dams, and houses, and 
to dig canals, and that he knows when and where 
to store up bark and wood for his winter food. 
God has made this wonderful animal so that he 
knows what to do ; and He has made all animals 
so that every one is fitted for the life it is to lead, 
and the work it has to do. 

Young Beavers are sometimes tamed and kept 
for pets. One was once carried from this country 
across the Atlantic Ocean, and given to a gentle- 
man in England. He named it "Binny"; and 



THE BEAVERS. 139 

when he called it by its name, it would answer 
with a little cry, and come to him. It liked to 
lie upon the hearth-rug, but always wanted to 
be near its master. Binny liked to eat bread, 
milk, and sugar ; and he was also fond of roots 
and tender plants. He wanted to build dams 
and houses, and so he would get the brooms and 
sweeping-brushes, and baskets, and books, boots 
and shoes, clothes, and everything he could find, 
and try to build them into a dam and a house, 
just as he would make a dam and a house of poles, 
sticks, leaves, and mud, if he were in the swamps 
and woods where he was born. 

The Pouched Rat lives in Canada and on 
the Western prairies, and it makes its nest in 




The Pouched Rat, or Pocket Gopher. 

little hills or mounds of earth which it throws 
up. The nest is warmly lined with soft, dry 
grasses, and with fur which the mother pulls 



140 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

from her own body. Like the mole, it digs bur- 
rows very rapidly, and in every direction. It 
eats roots, and it uses its large pouches to carry 
food to its nest, and to bring dirt out of its bur- 
row. It is often called the Pocket Gopher. 

You have seen the large Rats that live in stables 
and sometimes in houses. One kind has brown 
fur, and is called the Brown, or Wharf Rat ; an- 
other kind has black fur, and is called the Black 
Rat. They are very hungry fellows, and eat grain, 
meat, and almost everything they can find ; and 
when they cannot get enough of other food, they 
kill and eat one another. These two kinds of 
Rats cannot live together; the Brown Rats are 
the largest, and they drive off the Black ones, or 




^ — 

The White-footed Mouse. 



kill and eat them. There are very many kinds 
of Rats and Mice, and they are not all so cruel 
as these large ones. Some of them, like the 



THE JUMPING MOUSE. 



141 



House Mouse, the White-footed Mouse, and the 
little Jumping Mouse, and many others, are very 
pretty creatures. The Jumping Mouse lives in 
grain-fields, and leaps over the ground faster than 




The Jumping Mouse. 

you can run. The largest Rat is the Muskrat. 
It is smaller than a cat, and has a short, thick 
body and short legs. It lives in ponds, rivers, and 
brooks, where it builds a house of mud, sticks, 
grass, and weeds. Its fur is long and dark, and 
is often called River Sable. 

The Porcupine lives in hollow trees, or in holes 
among the rocks, and sleeps in the daytime, com- 
ing out at night to get its food. It eats bark, 
leaves, and buds, and is fond of sweet apples and 
green corn. On the back and tail of the Porcu- 
pine grow sharp strong quills. If a dog or any 
other animal attack it, the quills get into the 



142 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 




The Porcupine. 



mouth and cause great pain. The quills of a 
Porcupine which lives in Europe are so long that 
they are used for penholders, and are very beau- 
tiful. The Porcupine is larger than a cat, but its 
body is rather short. 

You have often seen the tame Eabbits hopping 
briskly about, or feeding upon the tender grass 
and clover buds which they like so well, and you 
never tire of watching them ; so I think you will 
like to read about the little animals which look 



THE HARES. 143 

so much like Rabbits, and which live in all our 
woods and groves ; these are the Hares. Many 
persons call them Rabbits, but I believe there 
are no true Rabbits in the woods of our country. 
Ml the Rabbits which we see are the tame ones, 
and these have been brought from Europe. I will 
tell you some of the ways in which the Rabbits 
differ from the Hares. The Rabbits dig burrows 
in the ground, in which they spend much of the 
time ; the Hares do not dig burrows in which to 
live ; the Rabbits live together in large numbers ; 
the Hares live singly, each one by itself. When 
the young Rabbit is born, it has a smooth skin, 
and its little eyes are shut ; but the little Hare 
is covered with fur when it is born, and its eyes 
are open. When you go to the woods in summer, 
you are almost sure to see some of these little 
animals ; and if you go in the winter, when the 
snow is on the ground, you will see the tracks 
made by their little feet, and you may see the 
Hares themselves, for these active little creatures 
do not seek out a snug place when the cold weather 
comes, and then go to sleep, and sleep all winter, 
as some animals do ; but they run about at all 



144 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

seasons of the year, unless the weather is very, 
very cold or stormy, and then they sometimes 
shelter themselves in hollow logs or trees, or in 
holes in the ground, which some other animal 
has made. The Hares are very pretty animals. 
Their eyes are large and bright, and are so placed 
that the little animal can see nearly all around 
itself; their ears are very large, and can be raised 
and turned in any direction, and they seem to 
catch the faintest sounds. Their fore legs are 
short and rather weak, but their hind legs are 
long and stout, and the Hares move over the ground 
mainly by taking long leaps ; when not frightened, 
or when eating, they hop or jump along only a 
little way at a time. The Hares eat grass and 
tender plants, and the buds and twigs and bark 
of shrubs and trees, and they feed at night, or 
at twilight, and in the daytime stay upon their 
" forms " or nests. The " form " of the Hare is 
only a little hollow on the ground ; sometimes the 
" form" is near an old log, or in a heap of brush, 
or at the foot of a tree, or under a fallen tree- 
top ; sometimes it is hidden by the tall grass and 
weeds. The Hares have well-trodden paths in 



THE HARES. 145 

the woods, which lead from one point to another, 
and they use these paths both in the summer 
and winter. The Hares have a curious habit of 
stamping upon the ground with their hind feet 
when they are alarmed or excited. They are very 
timid creatures, and when frightened they bound 
and leap swiftly away, stopping every few moments 
to listen to any strange sound. If you see one 
of these animals bounding away from you, and if 
you whistle to it, it will at once stop and listen, 
and if you keep on whistling, and at the same time 
walk towards the Hare, you can often get quite 
near it. Although the Hare is so timid, it will 
sometimes fight bravely for its young. A gentle- 
man once saw a Hare attack a large black snake 
which was holding in its coils one of her little 
ones. She would spring over the snake, and 
strike back upon the snake with her hind feet. 
Hares are often hunted with dogs, and they some- 
times show almost as much cunning as a fox in 
their efforts to get away from the dogs. At first 
they leap swiftly away, then turn aside and stop, 
and as soon as the dogs have passed them, they 
run back on the same track and try to get to 

VOL. I. 10 



146 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 

their " form " again. Sometimes they leap upon a 
log and sit motionless, while the dogs sniff around 
in plain sight, and quite near them. Sometimes 
they run into a hole in the ground, or into a hollow 
tree if there is an opening near the ground. When 
seized, they sometimes utter a sharp, clear cry. 
There are more than twenty kinds of Hares in 
the forests of our country. Some kinds have gray 
fur ; some are of a reddish-brown color ; and in 
some kinds the color of the fur changes from red- 
dish in the summer to white in winter. There 
is a picture of a Hare with the dogs on the 
thirty-ninth page. 



THE ANIMALS WITHOUT FRONT TEETH. 

All the animals of which you have been read- 
ing are clothed either with hair, fur, or wool, or 




The Armadillo. 



THE OPOSSUM. 147 

they have a smooth skin ; but here is one, called 
the Armadillo, which has a hard horny shell made 
up of many pieces. This animal lives in the warm- 
est parts of our country, and digs burrows in the 
ground, in which it stays during the daytime. 
It eats insects, worms, fruits, and the juicy roots 
of plants. Although it looks so clumsy, it can 
run faster than a man. 



THE POUCHED ANIMALS. 

The little Opossum lives in the Middle, South- 
ern, and Western States. It is about as large as 




The Opossum. 



148 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



a cat, and its home is in the hollows of trees. 
It sleeps during the daytime, but spends the night 
in running about for its food ; it eats insects, 
eggs, and birds, and sometimes comes to the hen- 
coop and kills and eats hens and chickens. On 
the under part of the body is a pouch, in which 
the mother places her little ones, and there they 
stay until they can run about. The Opossum is 
often hunted for its flesh ; and sometimes, when 
wounded a little, it lies quite still and pretends 
to be dead ; but when the hunter is not watch- 
ing, it jumps up and runs away. 




The Kangaroo. 

The Kangaroo is a strange animal which lives 



THE WOMBAT. 149 

in Australia ; it does not often walk or run, but 
takes great leaps with its long hind feet, and when 
it stops, rests upon its hind feet and its large strong 
tail. Like the Opossum, the Kangaroo has a 
pouch on the under part of the body, in which 
the young ones are carried ; and even after they 
are large enough to run about, if danger is near, 
they will get into the mother's pouch, and re- 
main till the danger is past. 




The Wombat. 



The Wombat is another curious animal which 
also lives in Australia ; it feeds upon grass, and 
burrows in the ground. 



THE DUCK-BILLS. 

But the most curious animal in Australia is 
the Duck-bill. It lives in the ponds and streams, 
and digs burrows in the banks. Its fore feet are 



150 



PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS. 



webbed, and it is a good swimmer. Its body is 
covered with thick short fur, and it has a bill very 




The Duck-bill. 

much like that of a duck. Its food is worms and 
insects and other small animals. 

And now, dear children, if you like to look at 
these pictures, and to read these stories, in an- 
other little book I will show you pictures and 
tell you stories of the beautiful Birds which God 
has made to live in the woods, groves, and fields, 
and which delight us so much with their pretty 
forms, their bright colors, and their sweet songs. 



THE END. 



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Mother Goose Masquerades. (The Lawrence Mother Goose.) By 
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5Toung Folks' Opera. An illustrated volume of Original Music and 
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GERMANY SEEN WITHOUT SPECTACLES; or, Ran- 
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VOYAGE OF THE PAPER CANOE. A Geographical Jour- 
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FOUR MONTHS IN A SNEAK-BOX. A Boat-Voyage of 

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A THOUSAND MILES' WALK ACROSS SOUTH 
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CAMPS IN THE CARIBBEES. Being the Adventures of a 
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DRIFTING ROUND THE WORLD ; A Boy's Adven- 
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EDWARD GREEY'S JAPANESE SERIES. 
YOUNG AMERICANS IN JAPAN ; or, The Adventures 
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THE WONDERFUL CITY OF TOKIO ; or, The Fur- 
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THE BEAR WORSHIPPERS OF YEZO AND THE 
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HARRY W. FRENCH'S BOOKS. 

OUR BOYS IN INDIA. The wanderings of two young Americans 
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OUR BOYS IN CHINA. The adventures of two young Ameri- 
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LIFE AT PUGET SOUND. With sketches of travel in Wash- 
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EUROPEAN BREEZES. By Margery Deane. Cloth. Gilt 
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AN AMERICAN GIRL ABROAD. By Miss Adeline Traf- 
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BEATEN PATHS ; or, A Woman's Vacation in Europe. 
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A SUMMER IN THE AZORES, with a Glimpse of Ma- 
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OVER THE OCEAN; or, Sights and Scenes in'Foreig-n 
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YOUNG FOLKS' PICTURES AND 
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HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH HIS- 
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THE SEVEN LITTLE SISTERS 
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